Fig. 2.

Organ-based causes of death among people with myelomeningocele. Neurological (shunt infection, encephalitis, Chiari II malformation, seizure-related: status epilepticus, SUDEP: sudden unexpected death in epilepsy), Pulmonary (pneumonia, non-infectious pulmonary disease), Urological (urosepsis, bladder perforation, renal failure, exsanguination form hematuria, bladder cancer), Gastrointestinal (peritonitis not due to bladder perforation, non-infectious: ischemic bowel, bowel obstruction, high ostomy output, gastrointestinal bleeding, colon cancer), Cardiovascular (infectious: endocarditis, venous access device infection, congenital abnormalities, non-infectious non-congenital: pulmonary embolus, cerebrovascular accident, intracranial hemorrhage, congenital heart failure, etc.), Other (trauma, cancer, complication of pregnancy, multi-drug toxicity)