Table 2.
Ranking of most likely causal exposures among 36 lipoproteins for BP indicators using MR-BMA.
| Exposure | MIP | MACE (mmHg) | Empirical P-value | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure | ||||
| S_HDL_TG | 0.416 | 0.310 | 0.001 | 0.036 |
| L_LDL_TG | 0.325 | 0.187 | 0.002 | 0.036 |
| L_HDL_C | 0.188 | −0.069 | 0.003 | 0.036 |
| IDL_TG | 0.184 | 0.092 | 0.004 | 0.036 |
| HDL_C | 0.164 | −0.060 | 0.009 | 0.054 |
| HDL_size | 0.125 | −0.042 | 0.025 | 0.112 |
| XXL_VLDL_C | 0.121 | −0.058 | 0.009 | 0.054 |
| XS_VLDL_TG | 0.117 | 0.057 | 0.011 | 0.057 |
| XL_HDL_C | 0.111 | −0.037 | 0.034 | 0.136 |
| XXL_VLDL_TG | 0.105 | −0.043 | 0.040 | 0.144 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | ||||
| S_HDL_TG | 0.397 | 0.216 | 0.001 | 0.024 |
| M_HDL_TG | 0.302 | 0.105 | 0.002 | 0.024 |
| S_LDL_C | 0.175 | −0.054 | 0.007 | 0.036 |
| L_VLDL_C | 0.161 | −0.076 | 0.002 | 0.024 |
| LDL_C | 0.145 | −0.041 | 0.008 | 0.036 |
| XS_VLDL_TG | 0.134 | 0.043 | 0.004 | 0.036 |
| Non_HDL_C | 0.130 | −0.036 | 0.007 | 0.036 |
| ApoB | 0.124 | −0.036 | 0.007 | 0.036 |
| Total_C | 0.110 | −0.030 | 0.029 | 0.095 |
| Remnant_C | 0.098 | −0.024 | 0.025 | 0.090 |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; MR-BMA, Mendelian Randomisation Bayesian model averaging approach; MIP, marginal inclusion probability; MACE, model-averaged causal effect; TG, triglycerides; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein; S_HDL_TG, small HDL TG; L_LDL_TG, large LDL TG; L_HDL_C, large HDL cholesterol; IDL_TG, intermediate-density lipoprotein TG; HDL_C, HDL cholesterol; HDL_size, average diameter for HDL particles; XXL_VLDL_C, chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL cholesterol; XS_VLDL_TG, very small VLDL TG; XL_HDL_C, very large HDL cholesterol; XXL_VLDL_TG, chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL TG; M_HDL_TG, medium HDL TG; S_LDL_C, small LDL cholesterol; L_VLDL_C, large VLDL cholesterol; LDL_C, LDL cholesterol; non_HDL_C, total cholesterol minus HDL–C; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; Total_C, Total cholesterol; Remnant_C, Remnant cholesterol (non-HDL, non-LDL-cholesterol).
Risk factors are ranked by the MIP in the primary analysis after model diagnostics. Causal effects are beta mmHg for BP indicators per 1 standard deviation increase in the risk factor. Empirical P-values are computed using 1000 permutations and adjusted for multiple testing using the false-discovery rate (FDR) procedure.