. 2024 Jan 5;15(1):100819. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100819

Table 1.

Qualities (rasapanchaka) and tridosha modulation of different types of ghee in Ayurveda.

S.No.	Types of ghee	Vata	Pitta	Kapha	Rasa	Guna	Virya	Vipaka
1.	Ghee (General)	↓^b	↓^b	↑^b	Sweet^a	Heavy^a^,^b	Cold^a^,^b	Sweet^a
2.	Cow ghee	↓^b^,^e^,^d^,^c	↓^a	↓^b^,^e	Sweet^b^,^c	Heavy^b	Cold^a,^b^,^c	Sweet^a^,^b^,^c^,^f
3.	Buffalo ghee	↓^a^,^d^,^e	↑^a	↓^a^,^b^,^e	Sweet^a^,^f	Heavy^c^,^f	Cold^c^,^f	Sweet^a
4.	Goat ghee	↓^b	↓^b	↓^b^,^e	Astringent^c	Light^c	Cold^c	Pungent^a^,^b
5.	Sheep ghee	↓^c^,^e	↓^c^,^e ↑^a	↓^c^,^e	–	Light^f	Cold	Pungent^a
6.	Camel ghee	–	–	–	Saline^c	Light^c	Hot^c	Pungent^a^,^b
7.	Mare ghee	–	↓^a	–	Saline^c Astringent^a	Light^c^,^e	Hot^a^,^c^,^e	Sour^c
8.	Horse ghee	↑^e	–	–	Astringent ^e	Heavy^e		Pungent^e
9.	Ass ghee	–	–	↓^g	Astringent^g	Light^g	Hot^g
10.	Elephant ghee	↓^e	–	↓^b	Astringent^g	Heavy^c Light^a		Bitter^a
11.	Human ghee	↓^a	↓^a	↓^a				Light^e
12.	Old ghee	↓^a	↓^a	↓^a^,^b				Pungent^a
13.	Cream ghee	–	–	–	Sweet^g	Heavy^g	Cold

*(↑ indicate increase; ↓ indicate decrease).

Source.

Susruta Samhita.

Bhavapraksha.

Charaka Samhita.

Kshemkuthuhalam.

Rajnighantu.

Harita Samhita.

Bhojanakutuhalam.