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. 2023 Dec 1;31(1):1304–1313. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-31266-1

Table 3.

Pollutant removal efficiencies of Canna indica and Heliconia psitacorum

Parameter Influent (mg/L) Effluent (mg/L) Efficiency (%) p-value
C. indica H. psitacorum C. indica H. psitacorum
BOD 31.2 ± 13.9 2.5 ± 0.4 3.8 ± 0.5 90.5 ± 4.8 86.9 ± 7.3 0.012*
COD 49.7 ± 20.1 3.9 ± 0.6 5.7 ± 0.7 75.5 ± 7.9 75.3 ± 9.0 0.794*
TN 22.7 ± 5.3 12.6 ± 2.4 13.9 ± 3.8 44.3 ± 5.3 38.7 ± 2.7 0.002*
NH4+-N 19.5 ± 5.8 9.5 ± 3.0 10.1 ± 4.6 56.9 ± 13.4 50.0 ± 9.4 0.001*
TP 4.0 ± 0.1 1.7 ± 0.3 2.1 ± 0.2 56.7 ± 8.2 49.1 ± 7.3 0.001*