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. 2023 Nov 29;31(1):757–771. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-30734-y

Table 10.

Test results for direct and indirect effects

Variable Direct effect P value Indirect effect P value Overall effect P value
Gfinance −7.921*** 0.000 −11.925*** 0.000 −19.846*** 0.000
AG 12.263*** 0.000 23.188*** 0.000 35.451*** 0.000
lntech 0.170*** 0.000 0.862*** 0.000 1.0315*** 0.000
power −0.597*** 0.000 −1.437*** 0.000 −2.034*** 0.000
lnhu 0.158 0.302 −0.040 0.911 0.117 0.749
road −0.020** 0.003 −0.001 0.967 −0.021 0.361
gov 0.312 0.537 −2.365 0.089 −2.053 0.133

***, **, and * indicate statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively