. 2023 Dec 13;25(4):216–222. doi: 10.1016/j.ccrj.2023.10.012

Table 1.

Definition of secondary outcomes.

Secondary Outcome	Definition
Bradycardia	Heart rate ≤50 after commencing the study-opioid infusion
Hypotension	Drop in mean arterial pressure by ≥ 20 % after commencing the study-opioid infusion
Delirium	Assessed daily in patients lightly sedated (i.e., RASS > -2 using the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care (CAM-ICU)
ICU mortality	Death of an enrolled patient while still being admitted in the ICU
Hospital mortality	Death of an enrolled patient in the hospital ward after being discharged from the ICU
ICU-free days (up to Day 28)¹^,¹⁰^,³⁵	28 minus the number of days or part-days in ICU. Patients who died any time before or up to 28 days were deemed to have zero ICU-free days.
Ventilator-free days (VFD) up to Day 28¹^,¹⁰^,³⁵	28 minus the number of days in which a patient is alive and receives no assistance from invasive mechanical ventilation if any period of ventilator liberation lasts at least 48 consecutive hours. Patients who died any time before or up to 28 days were deemed to have zero ventilator-free days.
Hospital-free days (up to Day 90)¹^,³⁵	90 minus the number of days or part-days in hospital. Patients who died any time before or up to 90 days were deemed to have zero hospital-free days.
ICU length of stay	Duration in days from the day of admission to the day when the patient was cleared to go to the ward by the treating intensivist.