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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Behav Immun. 2023 Sep 13;114:438–452. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.009

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.

Neuroinflammatory pathway genes are regulated by both age and sex. a) qPCR analysis of microglia-related genes in the hippocampus at baseline. A subset of genes (Cd68, Ciita) are increased with aging in both sexes, whereas Tlr4 and Cx3cr1 are increased with aging in females alone. Aif1 is increased in adult females relative to adult males, and both Cx3cl1 and Cx3cr1 are increased in aged females relative to aged males. Results normalized to adult male group for each gene, n = 3–4. b) qPCR analysis of T cell-related genes in the hippocampus at baseline. Both Cd3 and Cd8 show specific upregulation in aged females compared to both adult females and aged males, Cd4 expression was increased with age in both sexes. Results normalized to adult male group for each gene, n = 3–4. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. § denotes main effect of age.