Table 2.
Comparison of health behaviours in adolescents in study 1 versus study 2, using multivariable modelling
| Study 1 (2014-2015) | Study 2 (2021-2022) | p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n=1266 | n=819 | ||
| Physical activity | |||
| Meeting PA guidelines (≥60 min MVPA/day) (%) | 16.7% | 23.1% | <0.001 |
| MVPA 60+ min/day (days/week) | 4.1 ± 2.1 | 4.5 ± 2.0 | <0.001 |
| Sport participation at school (%) | 67.2% | 65.1% | 0.475 |
| Sport participation outside school (%) | 50.2% | 48.1% | 0.437 |
| Screen time | |||
| Meeting screen time guidelines (≤2 hrs/day) (%) | 13.3% | 18.3% | <0.001 |
| Watching television (including videos and DVDs) (hrs/day) | 2.0 ± 1.7 | 1.8 ± 1.7 | 0.001 |
| Playing games on a computer or games console (hrs/day) | 1.3 ± 1.8 | 1.5 ± 1.9 | 0.489 |
| Using a computer for chatting on-line, internet, emailing, homework, etc. (hrs/day) | 2.7 ± 2.1 | 2.1 ± 1.9 | <0.001 |
| Weekday average (hrs/day) | 5.0 ± 2.9 | 4.6 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
| Weekend average (hrs/day) | 6.9 ± 3.5 | 6.1 ± 3.6 | <0.001 |
| Daily average screen time (hrs/day) | 5.6 ± 3.0 | 5.0 ± 3.0 | <0.001 |
| Dietary habits | |||
| Meeting fruit and vegetable guidelines (more than once a day for both fruit and vegetables) (%) | 29.6% | 27.0% | 0.322 |
| Fruit consumption | |||
| Once a week or less (Ref.) | 8.9% | 10.6% | |
| 2-4 times per week | 16.7% | 18.7% | 0.844 |
| 5 or more times per week | 74.3% | 70.7% | 0.400 |
| Vegetable consumption | |||
| Once a week or less (Ref.) | 4.8% | 5.4% | |
| 2-4 times per week | 12.2% | 9.6% | 0.099 |
| 5 or more times per week | 82.9% | 85.0% | 0.709 |
| Sweet (candies and chocolate) consumption | |||
| Once a week or less (Ref.) | 42.6% | 33.3% | |
| 2-4 times per week | 35.5% | 41.6% | <0.001 |
| 5 or more times per week | 21.9% | 25.0% | 0.003 |
| Soft drink consumption | |||
| Once a week or less (Ref.) | 56.6% | 70.0% | |
| 2-4 times per week | 25.4% | 18.3% | <0.001 |
| 5 or more times per week | 17.9% | 11.7% | <0.001 |
| Fast food consumption | |||
| Once a week or less (Ref.) | 82.3% | 85.3% | |
| 2-4 times per week | 12.6% | 10.6% | 0.037 |
| 5 or more times per week | 5.1% | 4.0% | 0.089 |
a P-values are based on multivariable regression modelling, adjusted for age, gender (female, male), ethnicity (New Zealand European, Māori, Other) and New Zealand index of deprivation (quintiles).