Fig 5.

Positive and negative attitudes toward science are compared for a pre-pandemic, in-person instruction year (2017–2018, blue; N = 809 and a pandemic, remote learning year (2020–2021,red, N = 1035). The mean scores are presented as percentages of the maximum possible score because the positive attitude included five items while the negative attitude included six items. The error bars represent one standard deviation above and below the mean percentages. There is no significant difference in student attitudes between pre-pandemic in-person instruction and during-pandemic online instruction. Analysis using the TOST procedure found that the 2021 percentages were with the equivalence margin of the 2018 percentages.