Table 1.
Baseline Demographics.
| Variable | LEV (n = 21) | No LEV (n = 208) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 69.2 (15.1) | 66.0 (15.8) | .357 |
| Weight, kg, mean (SD) | 88.7 (32.0) | 84.2 (24.4) | .441 |
| Height, inches, mean (SD) | 172.5 (10.8) | 171 (11.0) | .552 |
| ICH a score, median (IQR), (n = 18, n = 182) | 3 (2, 4) | 3 (1, 5) | .839 |
| Initial GCS b , median (IQR) | 7 (5, 10) | 13 (7, 15) | .001 |
| Levetiracetam duration, days, median (IQR) | 2 (1, 5) | — | — |
| External ventricular drain duration, days, median (IQR) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | .919 |
| Charlson comorbidity score, median (IQR) | 4 (2, 5) | 3 (2,5) | .324 |
| Total levetiracetam dose (mg), median (IQR) | 2000 (1000, 5000) | — | — |
| Daily levetiracetam dose (mg), median (IQR) | 1500 (1000, 2000) | — | — |
| Female, n (%) | 8 (38.1) | 94 (45.2) | .533 |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 18 (85.7) | 188 (90.4) | .451 |
| Black | 0 (0) | 9 (4.3) | >.999 |
| Hispanic | 0 (0) | 1 (.5) | >.999 |
| Unknown | 3 (14.3) | 10 (4.8) | .104 |
| Intracerebral location, n (%) | |||
| Basal ganglia | 6 (28.6) | 42 (20.2) | .400 |
| Thalamus | 4 (19.1) | 29 (13.9) | .517 |
| Pons/Midbrain | 1 (4.8) | 17 (8.2) | >.999 |
| Cerebellum | 2 (9.5) | 22 (10.6) | >.999 |
| Other | 16 (76.2) | 125 (60.1) | .148 |
| Tobacco history, n (%) | .588 | ||
| Present smoker | 3 (21.4) | 53 (33.5) | |
| Former smoker | 2 (14.3) | 25 (15.8) | |
| Never smoker | 9 (64.3) | 80 (50.6) | |
| History of alcohol use, n (%) | 0 (0) | 23 (14.7) | .374 |
| Past medical history, n (%) | |||
| Myocardial infarction | 2 (9.5) | 8 (3.9) | .2304 |
| Congestive heart failure | 2 (9.5) | 8 (3.9) | .230 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0 (0) | 4 (1.9) | >.999 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 5 (23.8) | 39 (18.8) | .565 |
| Dementia | 1 (4.8) | 11 (5.3) | >.999 |
| Connective tissue disease | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — |
| Ulcer disease | 3 (14.3) | 29 (13.9) | >.999 |
| Mild liver disease | 0 (0) | 2 (1.0) | >.999 |
| Diabetes without complications | 3 (14.3) | 23 (11.1) | .715 |
| Diabetes with end organ damage | 2 (9.5) | 16 (7.7) | .674 |
| Hemiplegia | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — |
| Moderate or severe renal disease | 2 (9.5) | 11 (5.3) | .339 |
| Solid tumor | 1 (4.8) | 13 (6.3) | >.999 |
| Leukemia | 0 (0) | 4 (1.9) | >.999 |
| Lymphoma or multiple myeloma | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — |
| Moderate or severe liver disease | 0 (0) | 3 (1.4) | >.999 |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 1 (4.8) | 11 (5.3) | >.999 |
| AIDS c | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — |
| Presence of external ventricular drain | 2 (9.5) | 18 (18.7) | >.999 |
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor | 3 (14.3) | 29 (13.9) | >.999 |
| Anticoagulant | 6 (28.6) | 39 (18.8) | .263 |
| Antiplatelet | 6 (28.6) | 69 (33.2) | .669 |
| NSAID d | 1 (4.8) | 16 (7.7) | >.999 |
aIntracerebral hemorrhage.
bGlasgow Coma Score.
cAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
dNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.