Figure 2. Live-cell imaging of glioblastoma cell lines treated with gartisertib (1 μM) and/or TMZ (35 μM) and/or RT (2 Gy).

Average cell confluence across glioblastoma cell lines (n = 12) within a 7-day post-treatment incubation is shown (A). Data points represent the mean ± SEM at 24 hr increments. Average (± SEM) cell confluence (B), apoptosis (C) and cell death (D) was calculated across all 12 glioblastoma cell lines at the 7-day assay endpoint. Data points represent the average confluence, apoptosis and cell death for each individual cell line calculated from three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA used for the following comparisons (using collated replicate data across all cell lines): DMSO vs. TMZ+RT, DMSO vs. gartisertib+TMZ+RT, gartisertib vs. TMZ+RT, TMZ+RT vs. gartisertib+TMZ+RT, gartisertib vs. gartisertib+TMZ, gartisertib vs. gartisertib+RT, gartisertib vs. gartisertib+TMZ+RT, gartisertib+TMZ vs. gartisertib+TMZ+RT, gartisertib+RT vs. gartisertib+TMZ+RT (^* p < 0.05, ^** p < 0.01, ^*** p < 0.001, ^**** p < 0.0001). The combination of gartisertib+TMZ+RT significantly reduced cell confluence and increased apoptosis/cell death compared to single agent gartisertib and TMZ+RT. The SB2b cell line is depicted in (E–H) in which phase contrast images were taken using 10x objective on day 7 after treatment with DMSO (E), TMZ+ RT (F), gartisertib (G), and gartisertib+ TMZ+ RT (H). Green - Cytotox Green Reagent; Red - Annexin V Red Dye.