Table 2.

Heuristic approaches for biopsychosocial care.

Habits of mind (Epstein & Borrell-Carrió, 2005)	Seven pillars (Francesc Borrell-Carrió et al., 2004)	Three dicta(Freudenreich et al., 2010)
•Attentiveness •Peripheral vision •Curiosity •Informed flexibility	•Self-awareness •Active cultivation of trust •Empathic curiosity •Self-calibration to reduce bias •Educating the emotions •Using informed intuition •Communicating clinical evidence to foster dialogue	•Think neuro-anatomically •Think existentially •Think “dirty” (i.e., “ … understand that patients and physicians sometimes work toward different goals”.)