Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for the Independent Variables Included in the Analyses
| Type of high school | Type of college enrollment | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vocational (n = 376) |
Academic (n = 1,143) |
No college (n = 203) |
two-year junior college (n = 468) |
four-year university (n = 848) |
Total (N = 1,519) |
% imputed | ||||||||
| Variable | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | Range | |
| Parental education | ||||||||||||||
| Middle school or less | 0.29 | (0.45) | 0.13 | (0.33) | 0.26 | (0.44) | 0.24 | (0.42) | 0.11 | (0.31) | 0.17 | (0.37) | 0–1 | — |
| High school | 0.58 | (0.49) | 0.52 | (0.50) | 0.53 | (0.50) | 0.60 | (0.49) | 0.50 | (0.50) | 0.53 | (0.50) | 0–1 | |
| College | 0.13 | (0.34) | 0.36 | (0.48) | 0.21 | (0.41) | 0.17 | (0.37) | 0.40 | (0.49) | 0.30 | (0.46) | 0–1 | |
| Family income (logged) | 5.26 | (0.67) | 5.61 | (0.64) | 5.31 | (0.83) | 5.39 | (0.71) | 5.65 | (0.56) | 5.52 | (0.66) | 0–8.01 | 1.9 |
| Owned homes | 0.57 | (0.50) | 0.73 | (0.45) | 0.55 | (0.50) | 0.63 | (0.48) | 0.75 | (0.43) | 0.69 | (0.46) | 0–1 | — |
| Female | 0.51 | (0.50) | 0.53 | (0.50) | 0.53 | (0.50) | 0.55 | (0.50) | 0.51 | (0.50) | 0.52 | (0.50) | 0–1 | — |
| Academic achievement at ninth grade | 29.84 | (19.81) | 60.85 | (23.69) | 36.03 | (25.30) | 41.37 | (22.89) | 63.79 | (23.45) | 53.17 | (26.43) | 0–100 | 10.8 |
| Academic achievement at 12th grade | 2.98 | (1.23) | 4.85 | (1.84) | 3.42 | (1.68) | 3.45 | (1.42) | 5.13 | (1.83) | 4.38 | (1.89) | 1–9 | 29.9 |
Data source: Korea Education and Employment Panel of 2004–2009