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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Apr 19.
Published in final edited form as: Gerontology. 2023 Apr 19;69(8):961–971. doi: 10.1159/000530665

Fig. 2. The non-linear association between leisure activity index and frailty.

Fig. 2.

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

The curve was plotted using Cox proportional hazards models with restricted cubic splines with 3 knots, adjusted for age, sex, race, residence, education, living arrangement, marital status, income level, drinking, smoking, exercise, dietary diversity and body mass index. Shading area indicates 95% CIs.