Figure 2.

Experimental evolution design where (a) D. serrata flies from an outbred and long-term laboratory-adapted population were evolved on five distinct diets with different sucrose content as adults for 30 generations (electronic supplementary material, table S1). (b) Flies from each diet in the experimental evolution experiment were kept as four independent replicates. (c) To remove any parental effects from the evolution diet treatments, experimental flies were subjected to two generations of common garden before we used 10 replicate vials with 10 flies per replicate for each evolution diet (n = 400) to test for evolved and plastic lifespan responses. The solid blue arrow represents the experimental set-up for examining the plastic responses to developmental diet, i.e. the transfer of the ancestral diet replicate populations lines to every other developmental diet. The dotted blue arrow represents the experimental set-up for examining the evolved changes, i.e. the transfer of replicates from every evolutionary diet back to the ancestral diet.