Human CD8 T cells can promote tissue regeneration in organoids. (A) 20 ECO organoids were dissociated and cultured alone or in coculture with 10,000 CD8 T cells derived from different donors (D4–D6) and organoid growth was observed over time. Quantification of the number of organoids (left) and total organoid area (right) over cultivation time with statistical verification using AUC (n = 4 wells, one-way ANOVA, compared to ECO only). (B) 20 ECO organoids were dissociated and cultured alone or in coculture with cell-free SN of 200,000 activated CD8 T cells derived from different donors (D7 and D8) and organoid growth was determined at 72 and 96 h. Quantification of the total organoid area (left) and the number of organoids (right) at indicated time points with statistical verification (n = 4 wells, two-way ANOVA, compared to ECO only). (C and D) 20 ECO organoids were dissociated and cultured alone or in coculture with 10,000 CD8 T cells derived from different donors (experiment 1 [D1–D3], experiment 2 [D5 and D6], and experiment 3 [D9–D11]) in the presence or absence of anti-IFN-γ or anti-TNF, and organoid growth was observed over time. IgG served as a control. Quantification of organoid number (C) and total organoid area (D) over cultivation time with statistical verification using AUC from 48 h onwards (n = 4 wells, one-way ANOVA, compared to CD8 for D1–D3 and D9–D11, and compared to CD8 or IgG for D5 and D6, as depicted).