Table 2.

Descriptive statistics for microbiological and physicochemical parameters before and after EM application in the Turawa reservoir

Statistics	Period	Parameter (unit)
		HBN22 (CFU∙mL−1)	HBN36 (CFU∙mL−1)	CBN (CFU∙mL−1)	FCBN (CFU∙mL−1)	FEN (CFU∙mL−1)	pH (-)	EC (µS∙cm−1)	TN (mg∙L−1)	NO3–N (mg∙L−1)	PO4–P (mg∙L−1)	TP (mg∙L−1)	DO (mg∙L−1)	BOD5 (mg∙L−1)	COD (mg∙L−1)
Min	Before EM	180	50	23	15	3	6.70	202	1.31	0.060	0.000	0.03	0.00	0.70	1.20
	After EM	2100	1500	75	75	9	6.88	203	1.48	0.110	0.009	0.09	7.30	1.70	6.70
Max	Before EM	985,000	755,000	2420	2420	460	9.90	491	12.30	4.210	0.390	11.50	13.10	54.00	320.10
	After EM	110,000	71,000	2420	2420	460	10.30	507	12.09	1.710	0.100	1.07	12.30	9.80	30.80
Std. deviation	Before EM	192,694	181,379	920	893	86	0.65	39	2.04	0.824	0.052	1.52	2.10	6.32	38.81
	After EM	24,667	18,005	723	709	126	0.92	42	2.29	0.437	0.017	0.25	1.33	2.20	6.55
Mean	Before EM	79,013	77,696	760	677	54	8.51	403	3.78	1.140	0.075	0.65	8.30	5.27	17.47
	After EM	22,093	22,374	1020	902	128	8.99	419	3.89	0.488	0.038	0.39	9.98	4.89	15.34
Mean difference after and before EM		− 72.04%	− 71.20%	34.25%	33.33%	137.04%	5.67%	3.88%	2.84%	− 57.19%	− 49.4%	− 40.58%	20.29%	− 7.11%	− 12.23%
Mann Whitney U Test	U-value	1227	1113	1375	1321.5	1212	787	870	1039.5	1897.5	1764	1356.5	537.5	961.5	755.5
	z-score	− 4.19585	− 4.65108	− 3.59558	− 3.81111	− 4.25225	− 2.8597	− 1.65712	0.07906	3.96203	3.81245	0.65932	− 4.3344	− 0.9678	− 2.42999
	p	< 0.00001	< 0.00001	0.00032	0.00014	< 0.00001	0.00424	0.09692	0.93624	0.00008	0.00014	0.50926	< 0.00001	0.33204	0.0151

Designations in the table: italics — values statistically significant for p ≤ 0.05