Table 4.
Effect of lime and biochar on soil chemical properties (Na, Ca, Mg, K, Al + H and CEC).
| Lime (t ha−1) | Biochar (t ha−1) | Na (cmol kg−1) | Ca (cmol kg−1) | Mg (cmol kg−1) | K (cmol kg−1) | Al + H (cmol kg−1) | ECEC (cmol kg−1) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | 2020 | 2021 | ||
| 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.10g | 0.10p | 0.98s | 0.96v | 0.78v | 0.79s | 0.10m | 0.13l | 1.90a | 1.91a | 3.86n | 3.62l |
| 0.0 | 2.5 | 0.10g | 0.10p | 1.28r | 1.26u | 1.38u | 1.48r | 0.42l | 0.43k | 1.80ab | 1.80ab | 4.98m | 5.07k |
| 0.0 | 5.0 | 0.20f | 0.14o | 1.67q | 1.69t | 1.57t | 1.58q | 0.44k | 0.44jk | 1.60cd | 1.70bc | 5.48l | 5.55ij |
| 0.0 | 7.5 | 0.21f | 0.17n | 1.78p | 1.78s | 1.88s | 1.89p | 0.43k | 0.44jk | 1.60 | 1.61cd | 5.90k | 5.89i |
| 0.0 | 10.0 | 0.22ef | 0.21m | 2.23o | 2.25r | 2.23r | 2.36o | 0.45k | 0.46j | 1.50de | 1.50d | 6.63j | 6.78 |
| 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.26e | 0.25l | 2.89n | 2.99q | 2.59q | 2.60n | 0.52hi | 0.49i | 1.80ab | 1.81ab | 8.06hi | 8.14g |
| 2.5 | 2.5 | 0.27ef | 0.27k | 2.99m | 3.03p | 2.79p | 2.89m | 0.54h | 0.56fg | 1.40ef | 1.61cd | 7.99hi | 8.36g |
| 2.5 | 5.0 | 0.27ef | 0.28i | 3.03l | 3.05n | 3.33k | 3.33i | 0.54h | 0.58ef | 1.40ef | 1.40e | 8.85fg | 8.64f |
| 2.5 | 7.5 | 0.27ef | 0.28i | 3.34i | 3.37k | 3.54i | 3.54g | 0.54h | 0.59de | 1.30fg | 1.30ef | 8.99fg | 9.08e |
| 2.5 | 10.0 | 0.28f | 0.29i | 3.65g | 3.75h | 3.75g | 3.77e | 0.55h | 0.59de | 1.20gh | 1.20fg | 9.43de | 9.60c |
| 5.0 | 0.0 | 0.32d | 0.33h | 3.01lm | 3.04o | 3.03o | 3.05l | 0.55h | 0.53h | 1.20hi | 1.19g | 8.11hi | 8.14g |
| 5.0 | 2.5 | 0.31d | 0.33h | 3.11k | 3.13m | 3.13n | 3.23k | 0.57g | 0.54h | 1.10ij | 1.10h | 8.22gh | 8.33g |
| 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.32d | 0.35g | 3.21j | 3.24l | 3.31l | 3.33i | 0.59e | 0.56ef | 1.10ij | 1.07hi | 8.53gh | 8.59fg |
| 5.0 | 7.5 | 0.33d | 0.35g | 3.33i | 3.36k | 3.33k | 3.36i | 0.61d | 0.58ef | 0.90jk | 1.01j | 8.50gh | 8.66f |
| 5.0 | 10 | 0.34d | 0.36g | 3.43h | 3.44j | 3.45j | 3.46h | 0.62cd | 0.59de | 0.80k | 0.94k | 8.64gh | 8.79f |
| 7.5 | 0.0 | 0.43c | 0.42de | 3.65g | 3.67i | 3.75g | 3.77d | 0.56fg | 0.55gh | 0.80k | 0.81l | 9.19ef | 9.22de |
| 7.5 | 2.5 | 0.40c | 0.43d | 3.78f | 3.78g | 3.76g | 3.78d | 0.57fg | 0.58ef | 0.7kl | 0.75m | 9.11ef | 9.32de |
| 7.5 | 5.0 | 0.41c | 0.43d | 3.87f | 3.88f | 3.88f | 3.88d | 0.61d | 0.63bc | 0.6lm | 0.60n | 9.47de | 9.42de |
| 7.5 | 7.5 | 0.41c | 0.43de | 3.87e | 4.04e | 4.12e | 4.15c | 0.62cd | 0.64b | 0.50m | 0.31o | 9.52de | 9.57cd |
| 7.5 | 10.0 | 0.41c | 0.43de | 4.05d | 4.09d | 4.15d | 4.17c | 0.62cd | 0.67a | 0.40n | 0.21p | 9.27ef | 9.56cd |
| 10.0 | 0.0 | 0.53b | 0.54c | 3.85e | 3.88f | 3.85f | 3.88d | 0.59e | 0.61cd | 0.00o | 0.00q | 8.84fg | 8.91d |
| 10.0 | 2.5 | 0.54b | 0.56c | 3.98f | 3.99e | 3.88f | 3.89d | 0.63bc | 0.63bc | 0.00o | 0.00q | 9.03f | 9.07e |
| 10.0 | 5.0 | 0.58a | 0.58b | 4.45c | 4.51c | 4.35c | 4.65b | 0.64bc | 0.64b | 0.00o | 0.00q | 10.02c | 10.38b |
| 10.0 | 7.5 | 0.58a | 0.59ab | 4.65b | 4.65b | 4.45b | 4.65b | 0.64ab | 0.64b | 0.00o | 0.00q | 10.32bc | 10.53b |
| 10.0 | 10.0 | 0.60a | 0.60a | 5.53a | 5.52a | 5.51a | 5.55a | 0.65a | 0.65ab | 0.00o | 0.00q | 12.29a | 12.32a |
| SD | 0.14 | 0.15 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.08 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.62 | 0.65 | 1.81 | 1.86 | |
| p values | |||||||||||||
| Lime (L) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Biochar (B) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| L × B | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
Values followed by similar letters under the same column are not significantly different at p = 0.05 according to Duncan’s multiple range test.