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. 2024 Jan 16;14:1389. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52102-7

Table 5.

Effect of lime and biochar on the growth parameters of cowpea.

Lime (t ha−1) Biochar (t ha−1) Shoot length (cm) Number of leaves/plant Branch length (cm)
2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021
0.0 0.0 105.9n 122.9i 420.0o 463.0n 140.0o 154.3m
0.0 2.5 163.7m 190.0h 662.0n 674.0m 220.7n 224.7l
0.0 5.0 174.7lm 203.7h 701.0m 740.0l 233.7m 246.7k
0.0 7.5 195.3kl 216.8hi 828.0l 843.0k 276.0l 281.0j
0.0 10.0 203.8jk 216.9hi 833.0l 848.0k 277.7l 282.7j
2.5 0.0 223.5ij 233.5gh 942.0k 1010.0j 314.0k 336.7i
2.5 2.5 225.2ij 233.2gh 981.0j 1015.0j 327.0j 338.3i
2.5 5.0 227.0hij 247.2fg 1022.0i 1043.0i 340.7i 347.0h
2.5 7.5 228.8fghi 248.6fg 1033.0i 1046.0i 344.3i 348.7h
2.5 10.0 235.2fgh 252.2fg 1176.0h 1250.0gh 392.0h 416.7g
5.0 0.0 235.2fgh 257.0efg 1206.0g 1256.0gh 402.0g 418.7fg
5.0 2.5 243.6gh 257.3efg 1225.0eg 1265.0gh 408.3fg 421.7fg
5.0 5.0 245.6fgh 258.5efg 1230.0ef 1266.0gh 410.0ef 422.0fg
5.0 7.5 246.8fgh 262.2efg 1236.0ef 1280.0fg 412.0ef 426.7ef
5.0 10.0 252.2fgh 262.3efg 1238.0ef 1293.0ef 412.6ef 431.0de
7.5 0.0 252.2fgh 263.5efg 1246.0ef 1300.0ef 415.3ef 433.3cd
7.5 2.5 257.2efg 267.2def 1252.0e 1309.0e 417.3e 438.0bc
7.5 5.0 258.8def 268.7def 1284.0d 1314.0e 428.0d 439.7bc
7.5 7.5 258.8def 275.4def 1305.0c 1319.0e 435.0c 446.7bc
7.5 10.0 268.8cde 286.9cde 1308.0c 1330.0cd 436.0c 449.3b
10.0 0.0 270.2cde 288.7bcd 1368.0b 1348.0c 456.0b 459.0a
10.0 2.5 276.8bcd 288.8bcd 1372.0b 1374.0b 457.3b 461.0a
10.0 5.0 278.7bc 290.1abc 1388.0ab 1381.0ab 462.7ab 464.3a
10.0 7.5 303.6ab 310.7ab 1394.0a 1387.0ab 464.7a 466.3a
10.0 10.0 306.8a 316.8a 1402.0a 1403.0a 467.3a 467.7a
SD 44.04 41.10 262.46 257.87 87.47 87.17
p values
 Lime (L) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
 Biochar (B) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
 L × B 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Values followed by similar letters under the same column are not significantly different at p = 0.05 according to Duncan’s multiple range test.