TABLE 4.
Classification statistics for antiviral effects of active substances extracted from the coral.
| Active ingredient | Source | Virus | Concentration a | Activity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sesquiterpenoids | Muriceides collaris ※ | H1N1 | 50 μM (Y) | — | Zhu (2013) |
| Sesquiterpenoids | Lemnalia sp. | H1N1 | 1.1 and 7.1 µM (IC50) | — | Liu et al. (2022) |
| Sesquiterpenoids | Lemnalia sp. | H1N1 | 5.9 µM (IC50) | — | Yan et al. (2021) |
| Sesquiterpenoids | Echinogorgia flora ※ | H1N1 | 50 μM (Y) | — | Wu (2013) |
| Diterpene | Sinularia gyrosa | HCMV | 2.6 and 3.7 μM (IC50) | — | Cheng et al. (2010b) |
| Diterpene | Junceella fragilis ※ | HBeAg | 0.89–6.47 μM (IC50) | Inhibition of HBeAg antigen expression | Wei et al. (2017) |
| Diterpene | Ellisella sp. | HBV and HBeAg | 10 μM (Y) | Suppression of virus replication | Wu et al. (2020a) |
| Diterpene | Clavularia sp. | H1N1 | 50 μM (Y) | — | Xue (2014) |
| Diterpene | Lobophytum durum | HCMV | 5.2 μg/mL (IC50) | Inhibition of viral transcription | Cheng et al. (2011) |
| Norditerpenoids | Sinularia gyrosa | HCMV | 1.9 μg/mL (IC50) | — | Cheng et al. (2010c) |
| Steroids | Echinogorgia rebekka ※ | Respiratory syncytial virus | 0.19 μM (IC50) | — | Cao et al. (2014) |
| Steroids | Sarcophyton sp. | H1N1 | 19.6–36.7 μg/mL (IC50) | — | Gong (2014) |
| Steroids | Sarcophyton sp. | H1N1-IAV | 19.6 and 36.7 μM (IC50) | Suppression of virus replication | Gong et al. (2013) |
| Steroids | Subergorgia suberosa | H1N1 | 35.64–50.95 μM (IC50) | — | Cheng et al. (2016) |
| Streptomycetes | Sarcophyton convolutum | H1N1 and HCV | — | Suppression of virus replication | El-Gendy et al. (2022) |
| Lobohedleolide | Lobophytum crassum | HCV | 10±0.56–22±0.75 μM (EC50) | Inhibition of HCV-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression | Lin et al. (2018) |
| Tetraphenylbenzoquinone | Sinularia capillosa | HCMV | — | — | Cheng et al. (2010a) |
a
Y refers to the medication