TABLE 9.
Classification statistics for clinical application of preparations that contain coral.
| Disease | Pharmaceutical preparation | Experimental subject | Research design | Groups and number of people | Therapeutic method | Course of treatment | Curative effect | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment group | Control group | Treatment group | Control group | |||||||
| Cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type | Ershiwuwei Shanhu capsules combined with Western medicine | 84 cases: 54 males and 30 females | Randomized controlled trials | 42 cases: 28 males and 14 females | 42 cases: 26 males and 16 females | On the basis of the control group, add 2 capsules of Ershiwuwei Shanhu that contains coral each time, with a specification of 0.5 g per capsule, once a day | Routine treatment of Western medicine: oral flunarizine hydrochloride capsules every 10 mg, once a day, before sleep, and chiropractic treatment | 30 days | Observation group: 22 cases were cured, 10 cases were significantly improved, six cases were effective, and four cases were ineffective, with a total effective rate of 90.48%. Control group: 14 cases were cured, six cases were significantly improved, nine cases were effective, and 13 cases were ineffective, with a total effective rate of 69.05%. The pain score decreased after treatment, and the decrease in the observation group was better than that in the control group | Ren et al. (2015) |
| Cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type | Ershiwuwei Shanhu capsules | 90 cases | Randomized controlled trials | 45 cases | 45 cases | On the basis of the control group, orally take 2 capsules of Ershiwuwei Shanhu that contains coral per day for 20 days as a course of treatment | Chiropractic treatment [spinal neurobiomechanical reduction method (found by Luo Xiaoyang)], once every 3–4 days, 5 times as a course of treatment | — | After treatment, the two subgroups showed improvements in relieving neck and arm pain, neck tenderness, cervical mobility, and upper limb numbness compared to before treatment, with the combined treatment group showing more significant improvements | Li et al. (2013b) |
| Cervical spondylosis | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 65 cases: 23 males and 42 females | Randomized controlled trials | 65 cases: 23 males and 42 females | — | Twenty-five flavor coral pills, taken orally, at the same time, according to the condition and combined with acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, a course of 10 days, generally 2–3 courses | — | 20–30 days | 444 cases recovered without any clinical symptoms, 15 cases were effective, and six cases were ineffective. The total effective rate is above 90% | Zhang and Zhang (2011) |
| Lumbar fasciitis | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 150 cases: 98 males and 52 females | Randomized controlled trials | 150 cases: 98 males and 52 females | — | Take Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills, 4 pills per dose, 1 dose per day, with warm water-soaked powder and medication residue on an empty stomach. | — | 21 days | Cured 30 people by 20%; improved 108 people by 72%; 11 people had no significant changes, accounting for 7.3%; one person has not recovered, accounting for 0.6%, indicating aggravation | Li (2006) |
| Epilepsy | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 136 cases: 62 males and 74 females | Randomized controlled trials | 68 cases: 32 males and 36 females | 68 cases: 30 males and 38 females | Oral administration of Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills, 1 g each time, once a day, with warm water | Taking anti-epileptic drugs, including 20 cases treated with single drug, 38 cases treated with dual drug, and 10 cases treated with combination of three drugs | 2 months | The total effective rate of the treatment group who only took Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills was significantly higher than that of the control group | Wang et al. (2014a) |
| Epilepsy | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 112 cases: 65 males and 47 females | Randomized controlled trials | 56 cases: 34 males and 22 females | 56 cases: 31 males and 25 females | Oral Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills for treatment, 1 g/time, 1 time/day, taken with warm water | Oral administration of sodium valproate tablets, 0.2–0.4 g/time, 3 times/day, or additional administration of topiramate tablets (25–200 mg/time, 2 times/day) or phenytoin sodium tablets (50–100 mg/time, 2–3 times/day) | 2 months | The total effective rate of the Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills group was 91.07%, while the total effective rate of the control group was 67.86% | Wang et al. (2014b) |
| Epileptic tonic–clonic seizures | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 102 cases: 62 males and 40 females | Randomized controlled trials | 51 cases: 32 males and 19 females | 51 cases: 30 males and 21 females | Oral administration of Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills, 1 g each time, once a day, with warm water | Sodium valproate tablets, 0.2–0.4 g/time, 3 times/day, or topiramate tablets (25–200 mg/time, 2 times/day) or phenytoin tablets (50–100 mg/time, 2–3 times/day) | 2 months | The total effective rate of the treatment group was 88.23%, while the total effective rate of the control group was 68.62%. Compared with before treatment, the epilepsy symptom scores of both groups were significantly reduced after treatment. Compared with the control group, the symptom scores of the treatment group were significantly reduced | Wang, Z.S. et al. (2013) |
| Epilepsy | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills combined with carbamazepine | 82 cases | Randomized controlled trials | 41 cases | 41 cases | On the basis of the control group, oral administration of Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills, 1 pill/time, 1 dose/day | Take orally carbamazepine tablet, the initial dose is 0.2 g/time, twice a day. After one week of continuous treatment, adjust the dose, increase by 0.1 g per week, to 0.4 g per time, twice a day | 2 months | After treatment, the total effective rates of the control group and the treatment group were 80.95% and 95.24%, respectively. The HAD scores of both groups were significantly reduced, while MoCA was significantly increased. The number of epileptic seizures in both groups of patients was significantly lower than before treatment, and the serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-α in both groups of patients were significantly lower; the reduction of the above indicators in the treatment group was better than that in the control group | Huang and Zhao (2017) |
| Epilepsy | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills combined with levofloxacin tablets | 60 cases | Randomized controlled trials | 30 cases | 30 cases | On the basis of treatment in the control group, oral administration of Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills, 1 g/time, 1 time/day | Oral administration of levetiracetam tablets after meals, starting at a dose of 500 mg/time, twice a day, and adding to 1,000 mg/time, twice a day after one week | 3 months | The total effective rates of the control group and the treatment group were 73.33% and 93.33%, respectively, and the levels of inflammatory factors in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group. After treatment, the frequency of seizures in both groups was significantly reduced, and the frequency of seizures in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group | Yuan et al. (2018) |
| Epilepsy | Combined use of Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 176 cases: males:females=2:1 | Randomized controlled trials | — | — | The addition group of Wuwei Coral pills was composed of carbamazepine, valproic acid, and Xilishu | Valproic acid added with Shunqi Anshen Wan | 1 year | Three compatibility schemes of Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills (three groups of Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills addition group) have a significant effect on reducing the frequency of seizures, alleviating the degree of epileptic discharge, and improving the degree of headache and cognitive impairment after seizures in symptomatic epilepsy. Among them, the combination of Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills and sodium valproate group and the combination of Xilishu group both have the effect of improving the type of epileptic seizures. The combination of Xilishu group can also significantly shorten the duration of epileptic seizures | Luo (2012) |
| Primary headache | Ershiwuwei Shanhu capsules combined with cowpox vaccine | 67 cases: 26 males and 41 females | Randomized controlled trials | 30 cases: 12 males and 18 females | 37 cases: 14 males and 23 females | Ershiwuwei Shanhu capsules, 4 capsules per day, intravenously administered with a dose of 3 ml of rabbit skin extract induced by cowpox vaccine, added to 5% glucose injection (250 ml) once a day | Conventional Western medicine treatment, oral fluranolol cinnarizine 1 capsule per night, intravenous drip of Venoruton 250 ml, once a day | 2 weeks | Observation group: 18 cases showed significant effect, 10 cases were effective, and two cases were ineffective, with a total effective rate of 93.3%; Control group: 16 cases showed significant effect, 14 cases were effective, and seven cases were ineffective, with a total effective rate of 81.1%; The headache relief rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group | Bian et al. (2016) |
| Migraine | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 50 cases: 13 males and 37 females | Randomized controlled trials | 30 cases: 8 males and 22 females | 20 cases: 5 males and 15 females | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills, 4 pills per time, once a day | Sibeline 10 mg, once a day; 10 mg of oryzanol, three times a day; Qiye Shen'an tablets 100 mg, three times a day | 4 weeks | The total effective rate of the treatment group was 93.33%. The total effective rate of the control group was 75% | Huang (2008) |
| Migraine | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 40 cases: 12 males and 28 females | Randomized controlled trials | 40 cases: 12 males and 28 females | — | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills, 4 at a time, once a day | — | 1 month | Twelve cases were cured, accounting for 30.0%; 17 cases showed significant effect, accounting for 42.5%; eight cases were effective, accounting for 20.0%; three cases were ineffective, accounting for 7.5% of the total. Total effective rate was 92.5% | Yang (2010) |
| Migraine | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 480 cases: 211 males, 269 females | Randomized controlled trials | 235 cases: 111 males, 124 females | 245 cases: 100 males, 145 females | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills 3 tablets/1, 2 times/d, swallowed in installments | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills 4 tablets/1, 1 time/day, taken by soaking in hot water | 4 weeks | The cure rate in the conventional dose group was 115/245 cases, while the cure rate in the high-dose group was 148/235 cases | Zhou (2009) |
| Migraine | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills in combination with flunarizine | 112 cases: 49 males and 63 females | Randomized controlled trials | 56 cases: 26 males and 30 females | 56 cases: 23 males and 33 females | Twenty-five flavor coral pills, 4 pills each time (0.25 g each), once a day, fluranine cinnarizine capsules 5 mg, taken daily before sleep | Flunarizine 5 mg, taken daily before bed | 4 weeks | After treatment, the peak systolic period in the treatment group improved significantly compared to before treatment | Zhao (2011) |
| Migraine | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills combined with sibeline | 158 cases: 56 males and 102 females | Randomized controlled trials | 84 cases: 27 males and 57 females | 74 cases: 29 males and 45 females | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills, taken orally in warm water every morning, 4 capsules per dose; take 1 sibeline capsule before bedtime every night | On the basis of conventional medication treatment, sibeline is administered orally, taking 1 capsule before bedtime every night | 4 weeks | The observation group significantly alleviated the level of anxiety or depression in patients, with better results than the control group | Chen et al. (2014a) |
| Migraine | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills combined with acupuncture and moxibustion | 110 cases: 37 males and 73 females | Randomized controlled trials | 55 cases: 20 males and 35 females | 55 cases: 17 males and 38 females | Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment and taking Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills, 1 g/time, once a day. | Acupoint selection: Select the acupoints on the patient’s diseased side, such as Baihui, Shenting, Benshen and Lugu, as well as other acupoints such as Waiguan, Fengchi, and Jiaosun Qiuxu. Acupuncture at different acupoints for different diseases. Patients with liver disease may experience symptoms by needling the Taichong and Xingjian acupoints. For patients with blood deficiency, the Xuehai and Sanyinjiao acupoints should be added. For patients with kidney deficiency, the Guanyuan and Taixi acupoints should be added. For patients with blood stasis, the Quchi and Hegu acupoints should be added. After obtaining qi, use the technique of calming and tonifying and reducing the symptoms, and leave the needle for 30 minutes, once per day | 5 weeks | The total effective rate of clinical efficacy was 94% in the observation group and 80% in the acupuncture and moxibustion group, and the observation group is superior to the acupuncture and moxibustion group | Gu (2014) |
| Stubborn headache | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 128 cases: 78 males and 50 females | Randomized controlled trials | 64 cases: 40 males and 24 females | 64 cases: 38 males and 26 females | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills, 1 g each time, once a day, taken with warm water | Oral Zhengtian pills, 1 bag (6 g) each time, 3 times a day, discontinue other medications and painkillers 1 week before and during treatment | 8 weeks | The frequency, intensity and duration of pain in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group; the total effective rate of the treatment group was 93.75%. The total effective rate of the control group was 81.25% | Wang et al. (2014c) |
| Stubborn headache | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 80 cases: 47 males and 33 females | Randomized controlled trials | 40 cases: 26 males and 14 females | 40 cases: 21 males and 19 females | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills, taken in boiling water, 1 g once, twice a day | Take Zhengtian pills orally, once in the morning, once in the afternoon, once in the evening, and take one bag each time. Take amitriptyline hydrochloride tablets in combination, once in the morning and once in the evening, taking 2 tablets each time | 1 month | After treatment, the pain intensity and duration of the control group patients were higher than those of the observation group, with a total effective rate of 72.5% in the control group and 92.5% in the observation group | Wang (2016) |
| Stubborn headache | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills combined with acupuncture and moxibustion | 8 cases: 2 males and 6 females | Randomized controlled trials | 8 cases: 2 males and 6 females | — | 0.6 g per pill, once a day, one pill per time. Take one pill at night and soak it overnight with a little saffron and bear bile, then take it at dawn the next day. Acupuncture should be done once a day for the initial treatment, which can be combined with moxibustion. Change to acupuncture and moxibustion every other day after pain relief | — | — | — | Bai and You (2000) |
| Tension headache | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 120 cases: 43 males and 67 females | Randomized controlled trials | 55 cases: 22 males and 33 females | 55 cases: 21 males and 34 females | 4 pills (1 g) each time, once a day, ground and taken with warm water | Flunarizine hydrochloride capsules, 5 mg each time, twice a day | 4 weeks | The total efficacy of the treatment group was 54.55%, while that of the control group was 29.09% | Wang, Z.S. et al. (2013) |
| Tension headache | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 70 cases | Randomized controlled trials | 35 cases | 35 cases | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills 1 g, oral once a day | Amitriptyline tablets, 25 mg, taken orally 3 times a day | 28 days | The total effective rate of the Ershiwuwei Shanhu pill treatment group was 82.86%, while the total effective rate of the amitriptyline control group was 80.00%; the total effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome in the treatment group was 88.57%, while that in the control group was 82.86%; the effect of the treatment group is better than that of the control group | Dai (2010) |
| Tension headache | Delixin combined with Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 160 cases: 58 males and 102 females | Randomized controlled trials | 80 cases: 31 males and 49 females | 80 cases: 27 males and 53 females | Takes 1 tablet of dailixin orally in the morning and 1 tablet orally in the middle of the day, and 4 capsules of Jinzhu Yalong Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills are taken orally once in the morning | Take 1 tablet of Xi bi ling every night before going to bed, and add symptomatic medications (such as general painkillers, nourishing blood and clearing brain granules, and Tongtian oral liquid) | 2 weeks | Among the 80 cases in the treatment group, 80 cases were effective with a total effective rate of 100%, while in the control group, 22 cases were effective with a total effective rate of 85% | Li (2007) |
| Chronic tension-type headache | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills combined with low-dose trazodone hydrochloride tablets | 120 cases: 26 males and 94 females | Randomized controlled trials | 60 cases: 11 males and 49 females | 60 cases: 15 males and 45 females | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills 1 g, once a day (taken in hot water), trazodone hydrochloride tablets 25 mg, once a night | Amitriptyline hydrochloride tablets 25 mg, once per night, gradually increased according to patient tolerance (≤75 mg per day) | 3 months | The total effective rate of the treatment group was 81.67%, which was better than the control group's total effective rate of 73.33%; VAS: The observation group showed a better decrease in scores than the control group; HAMD and HAMA: After treatment, the scores of both groups decreased significantly, and the observation group was better than the control group | Zhou et al. (2019) |
| Frequent episodes of tension-type headache | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills combined with low-dose amitriptyline | 240 cases: 92 males and 148 females | Randomized controlled trials | 120 cases: 47 males and 73 females | 120 cases, 45 males, 75 females | Take 4 capsules (1.0 g) of Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills orally and soak them in water once a day; amitriptyline tablets 12.5 mg. Twice daily | Amitriptyline tablets 25 mg, twice daily | 12 weeks | The total effective rate of the treatment group was 93.33%. The total effective rate of the control group was 73.33%. The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was better than that of the control group | Li (2012b) |
| Angioneurotic headache | Combination of Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills and nursing intervention | 60 cases: 37 males and 23 females | Randomized controlled trials | 30 cases: 19 males and 11 females | 30 cases: 18 males and 12 females | Take 2 Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills once a day, orally before meals; nursing interventions | Zhennaoling treatment: 4 capsules of Zhennaoling each time, three times a day, in the morning, mid-day, and evening, taken orally | 30 days | Among the study group of patients, there were 12 controlled cases, seven significantly effective cases, eight effective cases, and three ineffective cases, with a total effective rate of 90.00%; in the control group, eight patients were under control, six were significantly effective, five were effective, and 11 were ineffective, with a total effective rate of 63.33% | He (2017) |
| Angioneurotic headache | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills combined with nursing intervention | 80 cases: 43 males and 37 females | Randomized controlled trials | 40 cases: 22 males and 18 females | 40 cases: 21 males and 19 females | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills, combined with nursing interventions for treatment, dosage is 2 capsules, once a day, administered orally before meals | The dosage of aspirin enteric-coated tablets is 30 mg, 3 times a day, administered orally; the dosage of nimodipine is 30 mg, 3 times a day, administered orally | 30 days | Observation group: Among the 40 cases, 28 were significantly effective, 11 were effective, and one was ineffective, with a total effective rate of 97.5%. Control group: Among the 40 cases, 21 were significantly effective, 10 were effective, and 9 were ineffective, with a total effective rate of 77.5% | Li (2021) |
| Angioneurotic headache | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 63 cases | Randomized controlled trials | 33 cases | 30 cases | Ershiwuwei Shanhu capsules, 2 capsules (0.5 g/capsule), once a day | Zhennaoling, 4 capsules (0.3 g/capsule), 3 times daily | 30 days | Thirty cases in the treatment group were effective, with a total effective rate of 90.9%, and 22 cases in the control group were effective, with a total effective rate of 73.3% | Renwang and Renqing (2010) |
| Poststroke headache | Ershiwuwei Shanhu capsules | 70 cases: 47 males and 23 females | Randomized controlled trials | 35 cases: 25 males and 10 females | 35 cases: 22 males and 13 females | Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Shanhu capsules, 2 capsules/time | Routine medical symptomatic treatment should be carried out with antiplatelet aggregation, analgesia, nutritional nerve, and softening vascular drugs | 8 weeks | The frequency of headaches in both groups was lower than before treatment, and the duration of pain was shorter than before treatment. The frequency of headaches in the Tibetan medicine group was lower than that in the reference group, and the duration of pain was shorter than that in the reference group | Guan (2020) |
| Poststroke headache | Ershiwuwei Shanhu capsules | 64 cases: 33 males and 31 females | Randomized controlled trials | 32 cases: 18 males and 14 females | 32 cases: 15 males and 17 females | Twenty-five coral capsules, 0.5 g pellets at 1 time/day and 2 pellets/time, were given orally on the basis of routine internal medicine treatment | Routine medical treatment is given, which includes nourishment of nerves, invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-arteriosclerosis effect, and pain relief | 4 weeks | The effective rate of the treatment group was 93.75%, while the control group was 56.25% | Shi and Zheng (2018) |
| Headache | Ershiwuwei Shanhu capsules combined with Danzhen headache capsules | 76 cases: 35 males and 41 females | Randomized controlled trials | 38 cases: 17 males and 21 females | 38 cases: 18 males and 20 females | Combination therapy of Tibetan medicine, oral administration of 25 coral capsules and Danzhen headache capsules; the former 4 capsules once daily and the latter 2 capsules three times daily | To be treated with conventional Western medicine, take flunarizine or thagrelate orally, the former takes one capsule every night, the latter three times a day, the dose is 100 mg | 1 month | In the treatment group of 38 patients, 10 were cured, 19 were significantly improved, seven were effective, and two were ineffective. The total effective rate of treatment was 94.7%; in the control group of 38 patients, six were cured, 15 were significantly improved, 10 were effective, and seven were ineffective. The total effective rate of treatment was 81.6% | Liu et al. (2016a) |
| Vertigo | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 160 cases: 88 males and 72 females | Randomized controlled trials | 100 cases: 56 males and 44 females | 60 cases: 32 males and 28 females | Boiled blister suit, 1 g once, 1 day | Gastrodia elata Blume capsules, 4 capsules at 1 time, 3 times at 1 day | 1 month | The total effective rate of the treatment group was 85.00%. After ridit analysis of the comparison results between the two groups, the therapeutic effect of the treatment group was significantly better than that of the control group | Liu et al. (2004) |
| Acute cerebral infarction | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 60 cases: 32 males and 28 males | Randomized controlled trials | 30 cases: 19 males and 11 females | 30 cases: 13 males and 17 females | On the basis of the control group, add 1 g of Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills once a day | Aspirin 100 mg, once daily; clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate tablets 75 mg, once daily; atorvastatin calcium tablets 40 mg, once daily; ligustrazine 120 mg, once daily; cytidine sodium 0.5 g, once daily; and edaravone 30 mg, twice daily | — | In the control group, there were nine cases with a decrease in NIHSS score, four cases with an increase in NIHSS score, and 17 cases with no change in NIHSS score; in the treatment group, 21 cases showed a decrease in NIHSS score, two cases showed an increase in NIHSS score, and seven cases remained unchanged in the NIHSS score; compared with the control group, the NIHSS score significantly decreased after treatment | Zhu et al. (2020) |
| Acute cerebral infarction | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills combined with aspirin | 80 cases: 43 males and 37 females | Randomized controlled trials | 40 cases: 22 males and 18 females | 40 cases: 21 males and 19 females | On the basis of the control group, Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills were given 1 g/time, 1 time/day | Take atorvastatin tablets orally before bedtime, 20 mg/dose, once a day; oral aspirin enteric-coated tablets 100 mg/time, once a day. | 60 days | Both groups showed an increase in MMSE scores, a decrease in NIHSS scores, FIB, D-dimer, and platelet aggregation index, with significant changes observed in the observation group | Tan (2020) |
| Cerebral infarction | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 60 cases: 38 males and 22 females | Randomized controlled trials | 30 cases | 30 cases | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills, 2 capsules each time, 2 times a day, taken orally, or once a day, 4 capsules each time, taken orally | Huoxue Tongmai tablets, 4 tablets each time, 3 times a day, taken orally. | 20 days | Among the 30 cases in the treatment group, six were basically cured, 13 were significantly improved, 10 were improved, and one was ineffective, with a total effective rate of 96.7%; among the 30 cases in the control group, one case was basically cured, eight cases were significantly improved, 12 cases were improved, and nine cases were ineffective. The total effective rate was 70.0% | Wang (2003) |
| Cerebral infarction | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 90 cases: 52 males and 38 females | Randomized controlled trials | 45 cases: 27 males and 18 females | 45 cases: 25 males and 20 females | Cerebral infarction Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills, 2 capsules each time, 2 times a day, taken orally | Huoxue Tongmai tablets, 2 capsules each time, 2 times a day, taken orally. | 20 days | Observation group: Among 45 cases, 30 were significantly effective, 13 were effective, and two were ineffective, with a total effective rate of 95.56%; Control group: Among 45 cases, 13 were significantly effective, 19 were effective, and 13 were ineffective, with a total effective rate of 71.11%; after treatment, the NIHSS scores of both groups decreased, and the NIHSS scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group | Zeng (2019) |
| Cerebral hemorrhage | Shanhu Qishiwei pills | 4 cases | Randomized controlled trials | — | — | Seventy flavored pills of coral, 1 pill per day | — | 20 days | The patient's symptoms have decreased. CT scan shows circular low-density lesions visible in the intracranial region. After being discharged from the hospital, the patient took 70 flavored pills of coral under guidance, and their symptoms have improved significantly thus far without any other adverse reactions | Bian (2012) |
| Refractory heart failure | Heart failure mixture combined with Shanhu Qishiwei pills | 150 cases: 90 males and 60 females | Randomized controlled trials | 100 cases | 50 cases | Conventional anti-heart failure treatment should, in principle, discontinue the use of Western medicine to dilate the coronary artery and improve myocardial ischemia. In severe cases, basic Western medicine treatment such as cardiotonic, diuretic, and vasodilation should be given. At the same time, one pair of heart failure mixture was given daily, after boiling twice, take 500 ml of the medicinal solution and take it warm in two separate doses. Take Coral 70, once a day in the morning, one pill each time, and take it with warm water | Routine anti-heart failure treatment | 1 month | Among the 100 cases in the treatment group, 56 were significantly effective, 32 were effective, and 12 were ineffective, with a total effective rate of 88%; among the 50 cases in the control group, 20 were significantly effective, 18 were effective, and 12 were ineffective, with a total effective rate of 76% | He et al. (2007) |
| Hypertension | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 30 cases: 16 males and 14 females | Randomized controlled trials | 30 cases: 16 males and 14 females | — | Soak in water in the morning and take it every night while sleeping, once a day | — | 1 month | 26 cases were cured, accounting for 86.7%; three cases showed significant effect, accounting for 10.0%; one case was ineffective, accounting for 3.3%; total effective rate was 96.7% | Li (2010a) |
| Hypertension | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills in combination with dipine drugs | 90 cases | Randomized controlled trials | 45 cases | 45 cases | Combined Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills, taken orally with warm water on an empty stomach, 1 capsule/time, 1 dose/day, 30 days as a course of treatment | Treatment with dipines | 3 days | The effective rate of the treatment group (95.56%, 43/45) is higher than that of the control group (77.78%, 35/45), and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure after treatment in both groups are lower than before treatment, and the reduction in the treatment group is more significant | LI and Liu (2021) |
| Cough with lung heat | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 54 cases: 33 males and 21 females | Randomized controlled trials | — | — | Coral Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills 1/2, 3 times before meals, powder, 3 times after meals | — | 15 days | 15 days of recovery | Yang (2003) |
| Waist, hand, and foot injuries | Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills | 17 cases: 11 males and 6 females | Randomized controlled trials | — | — | Take Coral Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills orally, 3 times a day, 1 pill each time, chew carefully and take with boiling water. Take the medicine half an hour before meals. For external use, use 6 pills of Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills at the end, soak in 3 liang of Baijiu, half an hour later, apply externally to the affected part, 3–4 times a day, with moderate force | — | 7 days | All 17 cases recovered | Yang (2003) |