Table 1.
Detailed overview of constructs, domains and their underlying aspects.
| Construct | Domain | Specific tip (illustrative quote) | Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental factors | 194 | ||
| Assistive products and technology | 97 | ||
| - Consider walking aid: e.g. Nordic walking sticks, rollator | 34 | ||
| - Consider bike adjustments: e.g. mirror on the bike or trying out a low bike or tricycle | 16 | ||
| - Install extra bases of support in and around the house: e.g. grab handle in shower, extra banister | 14 | ||
| - Consider the use of special glasses: e.g. prisma glasses, photogromic sunglasses, night glasses, blue light filter | 13 | ||
| - Use sturdy flat footwear: e.g. Xsensible shoes | 9 | ||
| - Consider the use of the BalanceBelt | 5 | ||
| - Consider a head mounted light | 3 | ||
| - Consider grip socks | 1 | ||
| - Consider ear warmers in cold weather conditions | 1 | ||
| - Use a chair in the shower | 1 | ||
| Light intensity | 33 | ||
| - Install (automatic) light sources, especially around the staircase, strips around uneven grounds and in the bedroom | 13 | ||
| - Make sure there is always light, by taking an extra light source with you | 10 | ||
| - Planning of activities during day light, try to avoid darkness, especially for driving | 7 | ||
| - Be careful with bright sunlight and trees, which can cause dizziness. Do not look straight into bright light sources | 3 | ||
| Physical geography | 22 | ||
| - Use open, broad and flat roads for walking and cycling | 13 | ||
| - Remove obstacles as much as possible | 3 | ||
| - Be careful with leaves, gravel et cetera | 3 | ||
| - Prefer open areas where you can look far away | 2 | ||
| - Keep a safe distance to the curb | 1 | ||
| Unspecified environment | 17 | ||
| - Be aware of your own position in the room: looking at a low-stimulation environment instead of a bright light source, positioning at the end of the room, no turning | 5 | ||
| - Avoid crowded areas with many stimuli | 5 | ||
| - No loose objects on the floor, reconsider carpets and cable management. Create structure and orientation | 4 | ||
| - Install bases of support and seating areas: take care of organizing your furniture, be careful with using multiple colors | 3 | ||
| Support and relationships | 13 | ||
| - Clear and honest communication with partner or significant others about your possibilities and limitations, so they will understand the consequences of your hypofunction | 6 | ||
| - Ask for help, make it specific. People are glad they can help you | 4 | ||
| - Cancel and reschedule meetings if you think you need it | 1 | ||
| - Make use of (online) peer-support groups, e.g., use of Facebook groups | 1 | ||
| - Inform someone at work or your organization about what they can expect from you and your limitations | 1 | ||
| Services, systems and policies | 12 | ||
| - Consider a vestibular rehabilitation program | 6 | ||
| - Consider ergotherapy (for example, Adult Sensory Integration Timmerman Treatment) | 4 | ||
| - Consider a fall prevention course | 2 | ||
| Activities and participation | 168 | ||
| Managing diet and fitness | 58 | ||
| - Stay physically active on a daily base: e.g. by walking / cycling / taking stairs / Ismakogie exercises / working in the garden et cetera | 54 | ||
| - Invest in a healthy diet; aim for structure and variation | 4 | ||
| Walking | 24 | ||
| - Use support: e.g. walking hand-in-hand | 9 | ||
| - Focus at a fixed point far away, like the horizon | 4 | ||
| - Focus on a straight line on the ground | 4 | ||
| - Changing your walking pace might be more stable | 3 | ||
| - A broad gait pattern with your feet rotated outwards might be more stable | 2 | ||
| - Use applications on your phone to motivate or trigger you with walking activities | 2 | ||
| Changing and maintaining body position | 19 | ||
| - Be aware and take your time while making body transitions or head rotations. Consider a micro-pause before transition by looking at a fixed target. | 11 | ||
| - Trying out different speeds in making body transitions in a safe environment might help you in finding the most optimal speed | 2 | ||
| - If bending is needed, place one step backward to scan the environment | 2 | ||
| - Do not turn your head while moving | 1 | ||
| Carrying out daily routine | 18 | ||
| - Dosing of tasks and activities; divide and schedule. Rest, regularity and rhythm are very important. | 12 | ||
| - Try to alternate physical with mental activities and take care of enough resting periods | 4 | ||
| - Categorizing of tasks in terms of load capacity | 1 | ||
| - Schedule one day without any plans on a regular base | 1 | ||
| Moving around using transportation | 15 | ||
| - Use the front seat of the car | 3 | ||
| - Make sure you can easily reach the ground with your feet while cycling | 3 | ||
| - Use a constant tempo while cycling | 3 | ||
| - Do not cycle in parallel, always behind or in front of someone else | 3 | ||
| - Do not drive the car in the dusk or dark or with challenging weather conditions | 2 | ||
| - Be careful with the use of panniers on the bike | 1 | ||
| Domestic life | 11 | ||
| - Divide shopping goods/ groceries over two bags or backpack | 4 | ||
| - Sit down during certain activities, for example while preparing food | 2 | ||
| - Find support with your foot against the wall while in the bathroom / in standing position | 2 | ||
| - Plan your shopping within off-peak hours | 2 | ||
| - Use a bathrobe for drying after showering | 1 | ||
| Recreation and leisure | 7 | ||
| - Consider a physical hobby, like Tai Chi / Chi Gong / Yoga | 5 | ||
| - Consider a hobby with a few other people, but no big groups | 2 | ||
| Going up and down the stairs | 7 | ||
| - Always use the banister | 5 | ||
| - Rotate yourself towards the banister for support and by rotating your feet you can find more support on the staircases | 2 | ||
| Handling stress | 4 | ||
| - Try to avoid stress at any time: e.g. by accepting a calmer life style | 3 | ||
| - Learn a few relaxation and breathing exercises, which you can use whenever needed | 1 | ||
| Communication | 3 | ||
| - Use an e-book, so you can adapt spacing et cetera | 1 | ||
| - Use small (mobile) screens, instead of big (computer) screens | 1 | ||
| - Do not move your head while reading | 1 | ||
| Carrying out multiple tasks | 2 | ||
| - Do not multitask while moving around. Take your time for micro activities like sniffing your nose | 2 | ||
| Body functions | 63 | ||
| Visual acuity functions | 20 | ||
| - Fixate on an earth fixed target at least a few meters in front of you, instead of looking down while moving around | 9 | ||
| - Try to avoid visual triggers like busy screens, low sunlight and trees, cars on the highway and flashing images | 8 | ||
| - Learn how to ‘spot’, fixate gaze after head movement | 2 | ||
| - Be patient and try not to look at all stimuli at once, divide visual information in pieces | 1 | ||
| Energy and drive functions | 14 | ||
| - Schedule enough resting periods, especially after many stimuli | 7 | ||
| - Take care of a scheduled energy management | 3 | ||
| - Learn to know your own signals of limitation | 2 | ||
| - Balance your life with activities and resting periods | 2 | ||
| Sleep functions | 10 | ||
| - Respect your sleep, both quality and quantity | 8 | ||
| - A powernap during the day in bed might be very valuable | 2 | ||
| Vestibular functions | 9 | ||
| - Search for proprioceptive input, by holding a finger against the wall while walking for example | 5 | ||
| - Do not avoid all stimuli that trigger symptoms, try to trigger yourself regularly | 3 | ||
| - Take time to familiarize yourself with the environment | 1 | ||
| Muscle endurance | 5 | ||
| - Consider training programs to increase muscle power and endurance, this might positively influence your balance | 5 | ||
| Cognitive flexibility | 5 | ||
| - Learn and accept your limits and possibilities, try to adapt your lifestyle in order to build up new possibilities | 2 | ||
| - Consider thinking exercises that can help in positive thinking; write down three positive events sometimes, which you can use during down days | 2 | ||
| - Try to motivate yourself to keep on trying | 1 | ||