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. 2024 Jan 16;14:1396. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-49240-9

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic overview of experimental setup. The cells were seeded on day 0 and the first medium refreshment took place on day 5. All treatments of FFA, 5-HT, FFA/5-HT receptor antagonist, started on day 7 and lasted for 7 days. Medium and compounds were refreshed every 2–3 days, until the spheroids were harvested. In experiments, where cells were transfected, this took place on day 0 along with the seeding procedure. NPC non-parenchymal cells, PHH primary human hepatocytes, FFA free fatty acids, 5-HT serotonin. Parts of the figure were created with BioRender.com.