Table 4.

Clinical characteristics for athletes with incidental cardiovascular diagnoses

Case	Age (years)	Sex	ECG	TTE	Additional testing	Final diagnosis
1	19	F	Normal	ASA	–	ASA
2	22	M	Normal	Cor triatriatum	–	Cor triatriatum
3	22	F	Normal	PFO	–	PFO
4	18	F	Normal	Possible PFO	–	Possible PFO
5	19	F	Normal	Possible PFO	–	Possible PFO
6	21	F	Normal	Possible PFO	–	Possible PFO
7	20	M	Normal	Mild MV calcifications, aortic sclerosis without stenosis	–	Mild MV calcifications, aortic sclerosis
8	20	M	Normal	Inferoapical LV trabeculation, mild global hypokinesis	–	Possible limited LVNC, LV trabeculation
9	20	M	Normal	Mild concentric LVH (IVS 13 mm)	–	LVH, mild
10	19	M	Normal	PFO versus ASD	–	PFO versus ASD
11	18	F	Normal	PFO versus ASD	–	PFO versus ASD
12	19	F	Normal	ASA	CMR: moderate-to-severe BiV enlargement	ASA
13	20	F	Normal	ASA	CMR: normal	ASA
14	19	M	Normal	Aortic arch outpouching	CTA chest: bovine aortic arch	Bovine aortic arch
15	19	F	Normal	PFO, ASA	–	PFO, ASA
16	19	F	Normal	PFO	–	PFO
17	21	M	Normal	PFO	–	PFO
18	22	M	Normal	PFO	–	PFO
19	21	F	Normal	Tricuspid vegetation versus artefact	TEE recommended, not done	Tricuspid vegetation versus artefact
20	19	M	Normal	GLS 14%	–	Normal/Athlete’s heart
21	19	M	Normal	GLS 13%	–	Normal/Athlete’s heart
22	20	M	Normal	Mildly reduced GLS	–	Normal/Athlete’s heart
23	19	M	Normal	Mildly reduced GLS	–	Normal/Athlete’s heart
24	21	F	Normal	GLS 15.7%; minimal basal inferior/inferoseptal WMA	–	Normal/Athlete’s heart
25	22	M	Normal	Septal hypokinesis	–	Normal/Athlete’s heart

ASA, atrial septal aneurysm; ASD, atrial septal defect; BiV, biventricular; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; CTA, CT angiography; F, female; GLS, global longitudinal strain; IVS, intraventricular septum; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVNC, left ventricular non-compaction; M, male; MV, mitral valve; PFO, patent foramen ovale; TEE, trans-oesophageal echocardiography; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography; WMA, wall motion abnormalities.