Fig. 3. F. nucleatum secreted peptidoglycan fragments induce NOD-dependent cytokine secretion from oral epithelial cells.

OBA-9 cells were stimulated with F. nucleatum spent broth in the presence or absence of a RIPK2 inhibitor which blocks NOD signaling. The levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the supernatant were assayed by ELISA. Data are representative of two independent experiments. ***, p < 0.001.