Table 1.

Summary of variables.

VARIABLE		Mean	Std. Dev.	Unit	Source
CO2	CO2 missions	193036.2	788763.6	Kiloton	WB
GDP	Gross Domestic product	4.17E+11	1.57E+12	Constant 2015 US$	WB
Pop	Population	4.40E+07	1.51E+08	Total population	WD
E	Energy consumption	83.10708	306.6539	MMTOE	EIA
Trade	International trade	84.05099	49.22535	Exports + Imports	WB

Note: ‘WB’ and ‘EIA’ refer to World Bank and Energy Information Administration.