Table 3.
Decoupling states for countries in East Asia and Pacific.
| Country | 1998–2002 | 2002–2006 | 2006–2010 | 2010–2014 | 2014–2018 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | 0.489 | WD | 0.455 | WD | 0.384 | WD | 0.198 | WD | 0.218 | WD |
| Cambodia | 0.324 | WD | 0.454 | WD | 0.916 | EC | 0.953 | EC | 1.301 | END |
| China | 0.468 | WD | 0.899 | EC | 0.742 | WD | 0.614 | WD | 0.467 | WD |
| Fiji | 1.427 | END | 3.317 | END | 1.957 | END | 1.549 | END | 2.097 | END |
| Indonesia | 1.183 | EC | 0.972 | EC | 0.784 | WD | 0.732 | WD | 0.736 | WD |
| Japan | 2.340 | END | 0.515 | WD | 0.262 | WD | 0.629 | WD | −0.126 | SD |
| Kiribati | 4.775 | END | 10.574 | END | 5.397 | END | 4.221 | END | 3.312 | END |
| Lao PDR | 1.302 | END | 1.495 | END | 1.995 | END | 2.126 | END | 7.314 | END |
| Malaysia | 1.442 | END | 1.257 | END | 1.147 | EC | 1.011 | EC | 0.770 | WD |
| Micronesia | 0.839 | EC | 0.803 | EC | −1.805 | SD | 2.258 | END | 3.121 | END |
| Mongolia | 0.990 | EC | 0.824 | EC | 0.707 | WD | 0.533 | WD | 0.560 | WD |
| New Zealand | 0.885 | EC | 0.711 | WD | 0.344 | WD | 0.288 | WD | 0.223 | WD |
| Philippines | −0.174 | SD | −0.129 | SD | 0.159 | WD | 0.334 | WD | 0.493 | WD |
| Singapore | 0.481 | WD | −0.036 | SD | 0.113 | WD | 0.117 | WD | 0.135 | WD |
| Solomon Islands | −0.768 | SND | −12.383 | SND | 3.007 | END | 1.458 | END | 1.108 | EC |
| South Korea | 0.706 | WD | 0.521 | WD | 0.620 | WD | 0.515 | WD | 0.504 | WD |
| Thailand | 0.873 | EC | 0.811 | EC | 0.721 | WD | 0.719 | WD | 0.537 | WD |
| Tonga | 0.000 | – | 3.691 | END | 1.432 | END | 0.390 | WD | 2.230 | END |
| Vanuatu | 0.000 | – | −0.608 | SD | 1.705 | END | 2.105 | END | 1.797 | END |
| Vietnam | 1.813 | END | 1.691 | END | 2.078 | END | 1.671 | END | 1.950 | END |
Source: Authors' computation