Table 5. Logistic regression analysis of predictors of early (<30 days) postoperative complications.
| Patient characteristic | Early complication G3-4 (n=36) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | ||||
| <70 | 27 (75.0) | 1 | ||
| ≥70 | 9 (25.0) | 1.39 (0.56–3.46) | 0.527 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| <25 | 14 (43.7) | 1 | ||
| 25–34.9 | 14 (43.7) | 1.44 (0.6–3.42) | 0.414 | |
| 35+ | 4 (12.5) | 1.31 (0.35–4.85) | 0.745 | |
| ASA score | ||||
| 1–2 | 25 (92.6) | 1 | ||
| 3 | 2 (7.4) | 0.87 (0.16–4.58) | 0.926 | |
| Hemoglobin (mg/dL) | ||||
| >10 | 20 (58.8) | 1 | ||
| ≤10 | 14 (41.2) | 4.2 (1.65–10.7) | 0.003 | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | ||||
| ≤1.2 | 28 (82.4) | 1 | ||
| >1.2 | 6 (17.6) | 1.62 (0.53–4.98) | 0.414 | |
| Albumin (mg/dL) | ||||
| ≥30 | 26 (74.3) | 1 | ||
| <30 | 9 (25.7) | 3.9 (1.27–12.11) | 0.025 | |
| Comorbidities at presentation | ||||
| None | 17 (47.2) | 1 | ||
| 1 | 11 (30.6) | 1.15 (0.48–2.76) | 0.734 | |
| 2+ | 8 (22.2) | 5.18 (1.49–17.93) | 0.012 | |
| CVD/hypertension requiring medications | ||||
| No | 23 (63.9) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 13 (36.1) | 1.77 (0.77–4.1) | 0.242 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||
| No | 29 (80.6) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 7 (19.4) | 4.15 (1.22–14.1) | 0.022 | |
| COPD or recent pneumonia | ||||
| No | 35 (97.2) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1 (2.8) | 0.4 (0.05–3.49) | 0.418 | |
| Depression or anxiety | ||||
| No | 33 (91.7) | Ref | ||
| Yes | 3 (8.3) | 1.58 (0.36–6.99) | 0.523 | |
| Renal failure (acute/chronic) | ||||
| No | 34 (94.4) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 2 (5.6) | 5.29 (0.46–60.3) | 0.223 | |
| Autoimmune disease | ||||
| No | 35 (97.2) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1 (2.8) | 1.27 (0.11–14.5) | 0.814 | |
| Previous EBRT ± VBRT | ||||
| No | 6 (16.7) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 30 (83.3) | 1.12 (0.4–3.11) | 0.838 | |
| Previous chemotherapy | ||||
| No | 10 (27.8) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 26 (72.2) | 1.01 (0.43–2.38) | 0.917 | |
| Primary site | ||||
| Endometrial cancer | 7 (19.4) | 0.82 (0.2–3.3) | 0.842 | |
| Cervical cancer | 24 (66.7) | 0.73 (0.23–2.34) | 0.626 | |
| Vulvar and vaginal cancer | 5 (13.9) | Ref | ||
| Timing | ||||
| Primary | 8 (22.2) | 1 | ||
| Persistence | 5 (13.9) | 0.91 (0.25–3.35) | 0.939 | |
| Recurrence | 23 (63.9) | 1.13 (0.44–2.9) | 0.837 | |
| Surgical approach | ||||
| Laparotomy | 30 (83.3) | 1 | ||
| Laparoscopy/Robotic | 6 (16.7) | 0.61 (0.26–1.65) | 0.329 | |
| Operative time (min) | ||||
| <540 | 11 (30.6) | 1 | ||
| ≥540 | 25 (69.4) | 1.95 (0.86–4.43) | 0.151 | |
| Surgical intent | ||||
| Palliative | 8 (22.2) | 1 | ||
| Curative | 28 (77.8) | 0.66 (0.27–1.64) | 0.437 | |
| Carcinosis | ||||
| No | 32 (88.9) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 4 (11.1) | 1.04 (0.3–3.55) | 0.913 | |
| Extent of surgery | ||||
| Anterior | 16 (44.4) | 1 | ||
| Posterior | 2 (5.6) | 0.73 (0.14–3.82) | 0.725 | |
| Total | 18 (50.0) | 1.39 (0.63–3.1) | 0.451 | |
| Stoma | ||||
| No | 16 (44.4) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 20 (55.6) | 1.33 (0.6–2.89) | 0.514 | |
| Side wall | ||||
| No | 27 (75.0) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 9 (25.0) | 0.96 (0.39–2.32) | 0.914 | |
| Colpectomy | ||||
| Partial | 6 (16.7) | 1 | ||
| Total | 30 (83.3) | 1.84 (0.68–4.94) | 0.347 | |
| Plastic reconstruction | ||||
| No | 34 (94.4) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 2 (5.6) | 2.7 (0.36–19.76) | 0.321 | |
| Lymph node dissection | ||||
| No | 13 (36.1) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 23 (63.9) | 1.07 (0.48–2.37) | 0.914 | |
| Positive node (n=82 total LND) | ||||
| No | 18 (78.3) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 5 (21.8) | 0.53 (0.17–1.63) | 0.348 | |
| Length of stay (days) | ||||
| <14 days | 8 (24.2) | 1 | ||
| ≥14 days | 25 (75.8) | 2.99 (1.22–7.32) | 0.016 | |
| Estimated blood loss (mL) | ||||
| <700 | 9 (37.5) | 1 | ||
| ≥700 | 15 (62.5) | 1.74 (0.63–4.84) | 0.326 | |
Bold styled p values indicate below 0.05.
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; EBRT, external beam radiotherapy; LND, lymph node dissection; OR, odds ratio; VBRT, vaginal brachytherapy.