Table 3. Complex formation ratio, K_s and K_d values of organogermanium with sugar.²⁵⁾,²⁶⁾,³²⁾,³³⁾

Organogermanium	Sugar	Complex formation ratio (%)	K s (M−1)	K d (mM)	Evaluation method
DM-THGP	Glucose	19	1.2		1H-NMR32)
	Fructose	74	46
	Lactose	14	1.8		1H-NMR33)
	Lactulose	59	43
GPhe	Glucose			576	UV25)
	Fructose			28.5
	Lactose			645	UV26)
	Lactulose			41.3

UV: ultraviolet difference absorption spectroscopy.