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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 17.
Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis. 2023;92(4):1257–1267. doi: 10.3233/JAD-221073

Table 4:

Associations between visual impairment (NEI VFQ) and cognitive change. Results are based on survey regression models.

Outcome M1 β(SE) M2 β(SE)

B-SEVLT-Sum −0.09 (0.07) −0.09 (0.06)
Unweighted n 660 660
B-SEVLT-Recall −0.02 (0.06) −0.02 (0.05)
Unweighted n 662 662
Word Fluency −0.17** (0.06) −0.17** (0.05)
Unweighted n 660 660
Digit & Symbol −0.02 (0.08) −0.00 (0.07)
Unweighted n 650 650
Global Cognition −0.08 (0.08) −0.07 (0.07)
Unweighted n 663 663

Note 1: NEI VFQ = National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire; standardized measure is used in the estimations

Note 2: Model 1 (M1) is crude, Model 2 (M2) is adjusted for all sleep measures (sleepiness, insomnia, apnea, duration, nap, quality) and full covariates (sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors, acculturation measures, and health conditions)

Note 3:

***

p<0.001;

**

p<0.01;

*

p<0.05