Table 3.
The interaction between MIA-related conditions and pregnancy PM2.5 on risk of ASD in children
| PM2.5-associated risk HRa (95% CI) | multiplicative p-interaction | additive RERI (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infection | No | 1.07 (1.01, 1.13) | 0.92 | 0.01 (−0.06, 0.08) |
| Yes | 1.07 (1.02, 1.13) | |||
| Hypertension | No | 1.08 (1.04, 1.13) | 0.17 | −0.07 (−0.20, 0.06) |
| Yes | 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) | |||
| Asthma | No | 1.07 (1.02, 1.11) | 0.52 | 0.07 (−0.07, 0.20) |
| Yes | 1.11 (0.99, 1.25) | |||
| Autoimmuneb | No | 1.06 (1.02, 1.11) | 0.20 | 0.09 (−0.03, 0.22) |
| Yes | 1.13 (1.03, 1.25) | |||
| Any MIAc | No | 1.07 (1.01, 1.14) | 0.99 | 0.01 (−0.06, 0.08) |
| Yes | 1.07 (1.02, 1.12) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; RERI, relative excess risk due to interaction
a
Adjusted for child sex, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age at delivery, parity, education, maternal history of severe comorbidities, neighborhood disadvantage index, birth year, and season. Results were scaled per interquartile (3.73 μg/m3) increase in PM2.5 exposure.
b
Any autoimmune disease within 1 year prior or during pregnancy. The other three categories of MIA-related conditions were restricted to pregnancy.
c
Any MIA represents the presence of at least one of the categories of MIA-related conditions.