Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and follow-up data of study participants. Values are numbers (percentages) of participants unless stated otherwise
| Characteristic | Population based matched cohort* | Sibling cohort* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| People with OCD (n=61 378) | Matched unaffected controls (n=613 780) | People with OCD (n=34 085) | Unaffected full siblings (n=47 874) | ||
| Female sex | 35 493 (57.8) | 354 930 (57.8) | 19 582 (57.5) | 23 590 (49.3) | |
| Country of birth: | |||||
| Sweden | 54 824 (89.3) | 508 781 (82.9) | 32 720 (96.0) | 45 700 (95.5) | |
| Abroad | 6554 (10.7) | 104 999 (17.1) | 1365 (4.0) | 2174 (4.5) | |
| Highest achieved level of education: | |||||
| Elementary education | 14 771 (24.1) | 102 952 (16.8) | 7369 (21.6) | 7340 (15.3) | |
| Secondary education | 24 349 (39.7) | 244 966 (39.9) | 13 592 (39.9) | 19 045 (39.8) | |
| Higher education | 18 548 (30.2) | 228 991 (37.3) | 11 206 (32.9) | 18 544 (38.7) | |
| Unknown | 3710 (6.0) | 36 871 (6.0) | 1918 (5.6) | 2945 (6.2) | |
| Civil status: | |||||
| Single | 45 330 (73.9) | 374 024 (60.9) | 26 210 (76.9) | 30 553 (63.8) | |
| Married or cohabiting | 10 808 (17.6) | 188 581 (30.7) | 5661 (16.6) | 13 467 (28.1) | |
| Divorced or widowed | 3137 (5.1) | 31 139 (5.1) | 1067 (3.1) | 1733 (3.6) | |
| Unknown | 2103 (3.4) | 20 036 (3.3) | 1147 (3.4) | 2121 (4.4) | |
| Family income level: | |||||
| Lowest 20% | 24 357 (39.7) | 122 961 (20.0) | 10 003 (29.3) | 6896 (14.4) | |
| Middle | 28 297 (46.1) | 352 707 (57.5) | 17 823 (52.3) | 28 689 (59.9) | |
| Top 20% | 6843 (11.2) | 117 221 (19.1) | 5123 (15.0) | 10 183 (21.3) | |
| Unknown | 1881 (3.1) | 20 891 (3.4) | 1136 (3.3) | 2106 (4.4) | |
| Any lifetime psychiatric comorbidities | 52 586 (85.7) | 120 493 (19.6) | 27 549 (80.8) | 12 624 (26.4) | |
| Neurodevelopmental disorders | 20 202 (32.9) | 33 287 (5.4) | 11 436 (33.6) | 4497 (9.4) | |
| Psychotic disorders | 6636 (10.8) | 6621 (1.1) | 3421 (10.0) | 851 (1.8) | |
| Bipolar disorders | 6618 (10.8) | 7648 (1.2) | 3676 (10.8) | 1045 (2.2) | |
| Depressive disorders | 31 007 (50.5) | 47 222 (7.7) | 16 977 (49.8) | 5716 (11.9) | |
| Anxiety disorders | 39 811 (64.9) | 67 422 (11.0) | 15 541 (45.6) | 5180 (10.8) | |
| Eating disorders | 6534 (10.7) | 10 115 (1.7) | 3894 (11.4) | 1156 (2.4) | |
| Substance use disorders | 11 529 (18.8) | 30 976 (5.1) | 6130 (18.0) | 3531 (7.4) | |
| Median (IQR) follow-up time, years | 8.1 (3.9-13.1) | 8.1 (3.9-13.3) | 8.0 (3.9-13.0) | 8.2 (4.0-13.4) | |
| No of deaths (mortality per 1000 person years) | 4787 (8.1) | 30 619 (5.1) | 1503 (4.7) | 1261 (2.7) | |
| Median (IQR) age at death, years | 69.4 (53.9-80.9) | 78.00 (65.8-86.6) | 58.7 (44.4-69.1) | 64.9 (52.6-74.1) | |
IQR=interquartile range; OCD=obsessive-compulsive disorder.
*
All differences between individuals with OCD and matched unaffected individuals/siblings are significant at P<0.001, except for sex in the population based matched cohort (P=1.0), as it was used as a matching variable.