Table 2.
Minimally adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all cause and cause specific mortality among people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), compared with matched unaffected people
| Cause of death | No (%) people with OCD (n=61 381) | No (%) matched unaffected people (n=613 810) | Hazard ratio (95% CI)—model 1, minimally adjusted* |
|---|---|---|---|
| All cause mortality | 4787 (7.80) | 30 619 (4.99) | 2.00 (1.94 to 2.07) |
| Natural causes of death | 3707 (6.04) | 28 302 (4.61) | 1.53 (1.47 to 1.58) |
| Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | 67 (0.11) | 488 (0.08) | 1.36 (1.06 to 1.76) |
| Neoplasms | 781 (1.27) | 8546 (1.39) | 0.90 (0.83 to 0.97) |
| Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism | 12 (0.02) | 105 (0.02) | 1.14 (0.63 to 2.07) |
| Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases | 143 (0.23) | 759 (0.12) | 1.88 (1.57 to 2.24) |
| Mental and behavioural disorders | 252 (0.41) | 1475 (0.24) | 1.72 (1.51 to 1.97) |
| Diseases of the nervous system | 149 (0.24) | 1135 (0.18) | 1.31 (1.10 to 1.56) |
| Diseases of the circulatory system | 1539 (2.51) | 11 205 (1.83) | 1.45 (1.38 to 1.53) |
| Diseases of the respiratory system | 362 (0.59) | 1935 (0.32) | 1.88 (1.68 to 2.11) |
| Diseases of the digestive system | 155 (0.25) | 1057 (0.17) | 1.45 (1.23 to 1.72) |
| Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | 16 (0.03) | 154 (0.03) | 1.02 (0.61 to 1.72) |
| Diseases of the genitourinary system | 59 (0.10) | 352 (0.06) | 1.66 (1.26 to 2.19) |
| Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities | 18 (0.03) | 105 (0.02) | 1.68 (1.02 to 2.77) |
| Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | 124 (0.20) | 763 (0.12) | 1.64 (1.36 to 1.98) |
| Other natural causes of death† | 30 (0.05) | 223 (0.04) | 1.33 (0.91 to 1.95) |
| Unnatural causes of death (external causes of morbidity and mortality) | 1079 (1.76) | 2303 (0.38) | 4.77 (4.43 to 5.13) |
| Accidents | 319 (0.52) | 1184 (0.19) | 2.66 (2.35 to 3.01) |
| Suicides | 741 (1.21) | 1007 (0.16) | 7.44 (6.76 to 8.19) |
| Other unnatural causes of death | 19 (0.03) | 112 (0.02) | 1.67 (1.02 to 2.71) |
*
Adjusted for all matching variables (sex, birth year, and county of residence at time of OCD diagnosis). Model 2 is reported in figure 2.
†
Includes all groups with small number of deaths (≤10) in OCD cohort and causes of death classified in ICD as “codes for special purposes.”