Table 4.
Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all cause and cause specific mortality among people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), compared with unaffected full siblings
| Cause of death | No (%) people with OCD (n=34 085) | No (%) unaffected full siblings (n=47 874) | Hazard ratio (95% CI)—model 1, minimally adjusted* |
|---|---|---|---|
| All cause mortality | 1503 (4.41) | 1261 (2.63) | 2.26 (2.07 to 2.47) |
| Natural causes of death | 1027 (3.01) | 1054 (2.20) | 1.80 (1.62 to 1.99) |
| Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | 21 (0.06) | 22 (0.05) | 1.34 (0.64 to 2.81) |
| Neoplasms | 274 (0.80) | 415 (0.87) | 1.19 (1.00 to 1.41) |
| Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases | 57 (0.17) | 40 (0.08) | 2.70 (1.65 to 4.42) |
| Mental and behavioural disorders | 66 (0.19) | 46 (0.10) | 2.21 (1.45 to 3.37) |
| Diseases of the nervous system | 48 (0.14) | 62 (0.13) | 1.19 (0.78 to 1.83) |
| Diseases of the circulatory system | 353 (1.04) | 298 (0.62) | 2.19 (1.83 to 2.63) |
| Diseases of the respiratory system | 85 (0.25) | 63 (0.13) | 2.48 (1.72 to 3.59) |
| Diseases of the digestive system | 59 (0.17) | 49 (0.10) | 2.02 (1.30 to 3.14) |
| Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | 29 (0.09) | 24 (0.05) | 1.78 (0.97 to 3.26) |
| Other causes of death† | 35 (0.10) | 35 (0.07) | 1.36 (0.70 to 2.66) |
| Unnatural causes of death (external causes of morbidity and mortality) | 476 (1.40) | 207 (0.43) | 4.09 (3.39 to 4.93) |
| Accidents | 129 (0.38) | 89 (0.19) | 2.81 (2.04 to 3.86) |
| Suicides | 345 (1.01) | 112 (0.23) | 5.05 (3.99 to 6.40) |
*
Adjusted for sex, birth year, age at start of follow-up for each sibling, and sibling order. Model 2 is reported in figure 4.
†
Includes all groups with small number of deaths (≤10) in OCD or sibling cohorts and causes of death classified in the ICD as “codes for special purposes.”