Figure 7.

Comprehensive analysis of the classical signaling pathway of metformin's mechanism of action in the hypothalamus of P16 female offspring. Relative protein expression of (A) total AMPKα levels, (B) phosphorylated-AMPKα(Thr¹⁷²) levels and (C) AMPK activation ratio; (D) total LKB1 levels, (E) phosphorylated-LKB1(Ser⁴²⁸) levels and (F) LKB1 activation ratio; (G) total mTOR levels, (H) phosphorylated-mTOR(Ser²⁴⁴⁸) levels and (I) mTOR activation ratio; and (J) total ACC levels, (K) phosphorylated-ACC(Ser⁷⁹) levels and (L) ACC activation ratio (n = 6/group). Data are presented as mean ± SEM with single data points. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA. CD/CD: gestational and lactational control diet-exposed; CD/HFD: gestational control diet and lactational high-fat diet-exposed; HFD/HFD: gestational and lactational high-fat diet-exposed.