Table 4.
Multilevel logistic regression modelsa for the association of pre-labour caesarean delivery with women’s characteristics and organizational factors (N = 2,092, QUALI-DEC)
| Variables | Adjusted odds rations (95% Confidence interval) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1b | p-value | Model 2b | p-value | Model 3b | p-value | |
| Country | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |||
| Burkina Faso | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Argentina | 6.57 (1.41–30.7) | 0.02 | 22.3 (3.16–157.2) | < 0.01 | 12.3 (1.47–103.9) | 0.02 |
| Thailand | 8.40 (1.84–38.2) | < 0.01 | 7.15 (1.05–48.7) | 0.04 | 27.1 (4.20–175.4) | 0.001 |
| Vietnam | 2.11 (0.44–10.2) | 0.35 | 2.42 (0.46–12.8) | 0.30 | 2.91 (0.53–16.1) | 0.22 |
| Complication at delivery | 1.97 (1.23–3.15) | < 0.01 | 1.88 (1.18–3.0) | < 0.01 | 2.01 (1.26–3.21) | < 0.01 |
| Birth weight | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| Low (< 2500 g) | 0.65 (0.20–2.07) | 0.47 | 0.67 (0.21–2.13) | 0.50 | 0.65 (0.20–2.07) | 0.47 |
| Normal (2500-4000 g) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Macrosomia (≥ 4000 g) | 7.08 (3.42–14.6) | < 0.001 | 7.11 (3.43–14.7) | < 0.001 | 6.85 (3.32–14.1) | < 0.001 |
| Nulliparity | 2.35 (1.40–3.94) | 0.001 | 2.30 (1.38–3.85) | 0.001 | 2.37 (1.42–3.97) | 0.001 |
| Attending ANC in another private facility | 2.28 (1.35–3.86) | < 0.01 | 2.32 (1.37–3.92) | < 0.01 | 2.32 (1.37–3.92) | < 0.01 |
| Maternal age | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.01 | |||
| < 25 years | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 25–35 years | 1.38 (0.76–2.49) | 0.28 | 1.37 (0.76–2.47) | 0.29 | 1.39 (0.78–2.50) | 0.27 |
| ≥ 35 years | 2.90 (1.40–6.0) | < 0.01 | 2.92 (1.42–6.01) | < 0.01 | 2.87 (1.39–5.91) | < 0.01 |
| University level of education | 1.79 (1.08–2.95) | 0.02 | 1.81 (1.10–2.97) | 0.02 | 1.80 (1.09–2.96) | 0.02 |
| Status of the maternity unit | ||||||
| Tertiary level of care | - | - | 0.99 (0.36–2.71) | 0.99 | - | - |
| Private practice in the maternity unit | - | - | 0.46 (0.16–1.31) | 0.15 | - | - |
| Teaching facility | - | - | 1.83 (0.47–7.12) | 0.38 | - | - |
| Functioning US machine in delivery ward | - | - | 1.81 (0.55–5.93) | 0.33 | - | - |
| Permanence of an anaesthetist | - | - | 3.70 (1.41–9.72) | < 0.01 | - | - |
| Any individual delivery room | - | - | 0.28 (0.09–0.87) | 0.03 | - | - |
| Workload and care capacity | ||||||
| Number of births per one midwife/nurse per day | - | - | - | - | 1.86 (0.66–5.23) | 0.24 |
| Number of births per one obstetrician per day | - | - | - | - | 0.96 (0.70–1.31) | 0.78 |
| Number of births per admission bed per day | - | - | - | - | 1.68 (0.81–3.51) | 0.16 |
| Number of births per delivery bed per day | - | - | - | - | 0.73 (0.44–1.22) | 0.23 |
| Intraclass correlation | - | - | 0.07 (0.02–0.28) | 0.13 (0.05–0.30) | ||
aMixed-effects logistic regression models with random intercept
bModel 1: women’s characteristics; model 2: women’s characteristics and maternity unit status; model 3: women’s characteristics and indicators of workload and care capacity