Table 4.
Characteristics of included studies
| Author (Year) Country/ies |
Study Design | Brief Name of Intervention | Sample Description (Gender; Mean Age; Group Allocation) |
Method(s) of Recruitment | Informed Consent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Miller (2012) The United States of America [16] |
RCT 2-arm. |
MB-EAT for Diabetes (MB-EAT-D) Mindfulness-based Intervention. |
52 T2DM patients (38.5% male; 53.95 years; IG = 27/CG = 25). |
Through local medical practices, the university’s newswire, radio, and internet advertisements, and community flyers. | Written informed consent. |
|
Petrogianni (2013) Greece [30] |
Pre-post study. | Multicomponent intervention diet and physical activity intervention. |
108 hypercholesterolemic adults (53.5% male; 48.7 years; IG = 77/CG = 31). |
NM. | Written informed consent. |
|
Hebden (2014) Australia [17] |
RCT 2-arm. |
mHealth technologies for weight management in young adults. |
51 university students and staff (19.6% male; 22.85 years; IG = 26/CG = 25). |
Advertisements posted around the university campus and published in staff and student newsletters. | NM. |
|
Hietaranta-Luoma (2014) Finland [31] |
Pre-post study. | Genotype-based nutrition and health information intervention. |
107 healthy adults (30.8% male; 47.0 years; IG = 61/CG = 61). |
NM. | NM. |
|
Kattelman (2014) The United States of America [18] |
RCT 2-arm. |
Young Adults Eating and Active for Health (YEAH) in a college setting. |
1639 college students (33.0% male; 19.3 years; IG = 824/CG = 815). |
Face-to-face methods, e.g., in-class and residential life housing meetings, and e-mails, letters, and flyers were posted on participating campuses. | Online informed consent. |
|
Nour (2015) Australia [19] |
RCT 2-arm. |
TXT2BFiT, a mobile phone-based healthy lifestyle. |
250 young adults (35.6% male; 27.7 years). |
Recruited from the Greater Sydney area in New South Wales, Australia. | NM. |
|
Spees (2016) The United States of America [32] |
Pre-post study. |
Growing Hope Multifaceted intervention delivered within a garden setting. |
22 cancer survivors (22.7% male; 59 years). |
Study brochures were distributed at the cancer hospital, its associated oncology clinics, and its affiliated community-based cancer survivor outreach programme. | Obtained informed consent. |
|
Thomson (2016) The United States of America [33] |
Pre-post study. | Delta Body and Soul III lifestyle intervention. |
409 participants (28.11%male; 47.15 years; IG = 287/CG = 122). |
Via mailed study invitation letters, followed by telephone contact. | Written informed consent. |
|
Kendzor (2017) The United States of America [34] |
Pre-post study | Diet and physical activity intervention for homeless adults. |
32 shelter residents (75.0% male; 48.38 years; IG = 17/CG = 15). |
Weekly orientation meetings, flyers, and word of mouth at the transitional homeless shelter. | Obtained before screening for eligibility from interested individuals. |
|
Hedrick (2017) The United States of America [20] |
RCT 2-arm. |
Talking Health. |
292 participants (19% male; 42 years; IG = 149/CG = 143). |
Active recruitment at health department, day care centres, festivals, and others. Passive recruitments from targeted mailings, flyers, radio, and others. |
Written informed consent. |
|
Al Khatib (2018) The United Kingdom [21] |
RCT 2-arm. |
Sleep Lengthening and Metabolic health, Body composition, Energy balance and cardiovascular Risk (SLuMBER). |
42 habitually short sleepers (16% male; 24 years; IG = 21/CG = 21). |
Internal circular e-mails among university staff and students, as well as social media advertisements and recruitment posters that were publicly available. | Written informed consent. |
|
Webel (2018) The United States of America [22] |
RCT 2-arm. |
SystemCHANGE is an innovative self-management. |
106 HIV + adults (65% male; 53 years; IG = 51/CG = 50). |
Via letters sent to an HIV research registry and flyers posted in HIV care organisations. |
Written informed consent. |
|
Gudzune (2020) The United States of America [35] |
Pre-post study. | Peer outreach approach to reduce added sugar intake by promoting sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) reduction. |
34 participants (20.6% male; 45.7 years). 17 residents/17 network members). |
Mailing invitations to all residences and perform follow-ups with these mailings with door-knocking attempts. | NM. |
|
Kaur (2020) India [23] |
RCT 2-arm. |
SMART Eating website. |
732 participants (23.9% male; 52.7 years; IG = 366/CG = 366). |
Purposely chosen. | Written and verbal consent after briefing. |
|
West (2020) Australia [36] |
Pre-post Study. |
OzHarvest’s NEST Programme promoting food security and food literacy. |
21 participants (42.9% male; age from 18 to 74 years; no control group). |
Recruit by organisations hosting. | Obtained informed consent. |
|
Manios (2020) Belgium, Bulgaria, Finland, Greece, Hungary and Spain [24] |
RCT 2-arm. |
Feel4Diabetes. |
2756 patients at high risk developing T2DM (33.6% male; 40.9 years; IG = 1526/CG = 1230). |
Based on a standardised, multi-stage sampling procedure. | Written informed consent. |
|
Brittain (2021) New Zealand [37] |
Pre-post study. | Sugar Habit Hacker. |
128 adults (12.5% male; 40.46 years; no control group). |
A combination of flyers and online advertisements (social media, university, and health promotion websites). | Obtained informed consent. |
|
Islam (2021) Bangladesh [25] |
RCT 2-arm. |
Text messaging intervention. |
236 patients with T2DM (45.8% male; 48.1 years; IG = 106/CG = 94). |
From a tertiary hospital. | Written informed consent. |
|
Rahul (2021) India [26] |
RCT 2-arm. |
Primary care and public health nurses training. |
132 participants (24.2% male; 62.7 years; IG = 72/CG = 60) |
Recruited through local public service commissions. | Obtained informed consent. |
|
Redmond (2021) The United States of America [38] |
Pre-post study. | Obesity Prevention and Evaluation of InterVention Effectiveness in NaTive North Americans (OPREVENT). |
299 participants (29.2% male; 44.5 years; IG = 182/CG = 117). |
Recruited from each community. | Written informed consent. |
|
Chow (2021) The United States of America [27] |
RCT 2-arm. |
Individualised goalsetting on diet and physical activity. |
41 cancer survivors (51.2% male; 45.1 years median age; IG = 24/CG = 17). |
From the designated comprehensive cancer centre. | Obtained informed consent. |
|
Johnstone (2021) The United Kingdom [28] |
RCT 2-arm. |
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) intervention, dietary changes via prebiotic supplement. |
64 healthy young adult female volunteers (0% male; 20.02 years; IG = 23/CG = 23). |
Via posters and online advertisements. | Written informed consent. |
|
Mason (2021) The United States of America [29] |
RCT 2-arm. |
SSB sales ban and Motivational Interviewing (MI). |
214 participants. (42.1% male of IG; 41.2 (11.0) years mean age of IG; IG = 109/CG = 105). |
From a pool of university employees (staff and faculty). who responded to an initial employee online survey on SSB consumption. | NM. |
|
Goldstein (2021) The United States of America [39] |
Pre-post study. | Dietary lapses. |
32 adults with overweight/obesity (68.8% male; 54.5 years; no control group). |
Via advertisements in local newspapers, the research centre’s website, email newsletters through a hospital and by physician referrals. | Obtained informed consent. |
|
Okube (2022) Kenya [40] |
Pre-post study. |
Lifestyle intervention targeting common behavioural risk factors metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. |
294 participants (38.0% male; 18–64 years old; IG: 156/CG: 138). |
Who visited the hospital as outpatients, as well as those who escorted clients as relatives or friends. | Obtained informed consent. |
NM = Not mentioned