Table 4.
A single, multi-level multinomial logistic regression of the association between number of health risk assessments performed and patient, dentist, practice characteristics and dentist-reported barriers.
| Characteristic | 1 vs. zero HRAs |
2 or more vs. zero HRAs |
|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Dental patient characteristics | ||
| Age | 1.11 (0.96–1.29) | 1.04 (0.91–1.19) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 1.43 (0.92–2.22) | 0.62 (0.42–0.90) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | Reference | Reference |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.29 (0.53–3.14) | 1.66 (0.80–3.45) |
| Hispanic | 1.31 (0.61–2.84) | 1.72 (0.90–3.29) |
| Other | 1.09 (0.61–1.96) | 1.44 (0.87–2.39) |
| Education | ||
| HS or less | Reference | Reference |
| More than HS | 0.96 (0.55–1.66) | 0.68 (0.42–1.10) |
| Dental insurance | ||
| Insured | Reference | Reference |
| Uninsured | 0.69 (0.41–1.17) | 1.12 (0.70–1.78) |
| Primary medical care visit in the past year | ||
| No | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 0.57 (0.30–1.09) | 0.88 (0.47–1.64) |
| Dentist and practice characteristics | ||
| Age | 0.97 (0.73–1.27) | 0.70 (0.54–0.90) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 0.99 (0.48–2.04) | 1.19 (0.65–2.20) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | Reference | Reference |
| Others | 0.73 (0.29–1.83) | 2.74 (1.16–6.45) |
| Practice location | ||
| Florida | Reference | Reference |
| Georgia | 1.15 (0.50–2.65) | 0.74 (0.36–1.52) |
| North Carolina/South Carolina/Virginia | 0.85 (0.32–2.29) | 1.48 (0.61–3.60) |
| Practice setting | ||
| Inner city/urban | Reference | Reference |
| Suburban | 0.62 (0.27–1.41) | 0.98 (0.50–1.90) |
| Rural | 0.66 (0.26–1.66) | 0.94 (0.36–2.45) |
| Dentist-reported barriers to conducting HRAs | ||
| Personally not comfortable screening for multiple health risks | ||
| Never | Reference | Reference |
| Occasionally | 0.60 (0.19–1.86) | 3.90 (1.32–11.7) |
| Usually/always | 0.52 (0.12–2.15) | 1.53 (0.40–5.77) |
| My patients will be uncomfortable | ||
| Never | Reference | Reference |
| Occasionally | 2.93 (1.04–8.29) | 0.37 (0.14–0.94) |
| Usually/always | 1.90 (0.53–6.78) | 0.86 (0.31–2.42) |
| Conducting HRAs is beyond my scope of practice | ||
| Never | Reference | Reference |
| Occasionally | 1.00 (0.45–2.23) | 0.46 (0.22–0.95) |
| Usually/always | 0.67 (0.20–2.20) | 0.33 (0.13–0.81) |
HRA: health risk assessment; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; HS: high school