Figure 5. Five R-indices were associated with genomic loci that are novel or previously identified for other clinical traits.
a 73 genomic loci were associated with the five R-indices using a genome-wide P-value threshold [−log10(p) > 7.30]. For visualization purposes, we annotated the locus with the top lead SNP. b Phenome-wide associations of our identified genomic loci in the EMBL-EBI GWAS Catalog (query date: 2nd July 2023 via FUMA version: v1.5.4). We examined the candidate and independent significant SNPs within each genomic locus and connected them to various clinical traits through a comprehensive query. The width of each connection represented the number of associations between the genomic loci revealed in our study and clinical traits in the literature. These traits were grouped into high-level categories, including different organ systems, psychiatric and psychological conditions, and lifestyle factors, body shape, etc. To enhance visual understanding of each category, we generated keyword cloud plots based on the frequency of clinical traits within each category. We excluded brain structure-related traits which were expected to have the highest number of associations with the SNPs we identified.