Table 2.

The odds of urinary symptoms and urinary tract infections in relation to routine urinary catheterization in women undergoing elective caesarean section

Parameters		Catheterized group (C group)	Non-catheterized group (NC group)	OR (95% CI) p-value
Dysuria
	Positive	18	4	6.5 (2.0–20.9)
	Negative	32	46	0.001*
Frequency
	Positive	20	3	10.4 (2.9–38.2)
	Negative	30	47	0.0004*
Urgency
	Positive	17	3	8.1 (2.2–29.8)
	Negative	33	47	0.001*
UTIs
	Positive	20	3	10.4 (2.9–38.2)
	Negative	30	47	0.0004*
The postoperative antimicrobials used
	Positive	20	3	10.4 (2.9–38.2)
	Negative	30	47	0.0004*

CI – confidence interval, ECS – elective caesarean section, UTIs – urinary tract infections

^*Significant difference