TABLE 1.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Definitions and Their Criteria

	Berlin Criteria	Kigali Modification	New Global Definition of ARDS
Timing	Within 1 wk of a known clinical insult or new or worsening respiratory symptoms	Within 1 wk of a known clinical insult or new or worsening respiratory symptoms	Within 1 wk of a known clinical insult or new or worsening respiratory symptoms
Oxygenation	Pao2/Fio2 ≤ 300 mm Hg	Spo2/Fio2 ≤ 315 mm Hg with Spo2 < 97% as hypo-oxygenation	Pao2/Fio2 ≤ 300 mm Hg or Spo2/Fio2 ≤ 315 mm Hg with Spo2 < 97% as hypo-oxygenation when Pao2/Fio2 is unavailable
PEEP requirement	Minimum 5 cm H2O PEEP with invasive or noninvasive in mild ARDS	No PEEP requirement	Minimum 5cm H2O PEEP with invasive or noninvasive in mild ARDS or ≥ 30L high flow nasal oxygen PEEP requirements can be left out in resource poor settings
Chest imaging	Bilateral opacities not fully explained by effusions, lobar/lung collapse, or nodules by chest radiography or CT	Bilateral opacities not fully explained by effusions, lobar/lung collapse, or nodules by chest radiography, CT, or lung ultrasound	Bilateral pulmonary abnormalities not fully explained by effusions, lobar/lung collapse, or nodules by chest radiography, CT, or lung ultrasound
Origin of edema	Respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload	Respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload	Respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload

ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome, PEEP = positive end expiratory pressure.