Table 1.

Perceived smoking-related lung cancer stigma regressed on sociodemographic and smoking-related characteristics

Independent Variable	b	SE	t	p	95% CI
Intercept	16.46	1.57	10.50	<.001	[13.38, 19.54]
Age (in years)	−0.05	0.02	−1.99	.047	[−0.10, <−0.01]
Gender
Male (referent)	--	--	--	--	--
Female	0.63	0.26	2.43	.015	[0.12, 1.15]
Other	−1.25	1.90	−0.66	.511	[−4.96, 2.48]
Ethnicity
Not Hispanic or Latino (referent)	--	--	--	--	--
Hispanic or Latino	1.07	0.54	1.98	.049	[0.01, 2.14]
Race
White or Caucasian (referent)	--	--	--	--	--
Black or African American	−0.09	0.40	−0.22	.829	[−0.87, 0.70]
Other race	−1.23	0.74	−1.67	.096	[−2.68, 0.22]
More than one race	−0.01	0.76	−0.01	.989	[−1.51, 1.49]
Education
College degree or higher (referent)	--	--	--	--	--
Some college	−1.20	0.51	−2.37	.018	[−2.20, −0.21]
High school graduate	−0.74	0.33	−2.23	.026	[−1.40, −0.09]
Some high school	−0.68	0.31	−2.18	.029	[−1.30, −0.07]
Annual household income
Less than $25,000 (referent)	--	--	--	--	--
$25,000 – $50,000	−0.21	0.30	−0.69	.489	[−0.79, 0.38]
More than $50,000	0.08	0.39	0.22	.827	[−0.67, 0.84]
Marital status
Not married (referent)	--	--	--	--	--
Married or living as married	0.16	0.27	0.59	.557	[−0.37, 0.69]
Employment Status
Not working for pay (referent)	--	--	--	--	--
Working part time	−0.09	0.34	−0.27	.790	[−0.76, 0.58]
Working full time	−0.39	0.33	−1.20	.230	[−1.03, 0.25]
Smoking status
Formerly smoked (referent)	--	--	--	--	--
Currently smoked	0.49	0.32	1.55	.122	[−0.13, 1.12]
Number of pack years smoked	<0.01	<0.01	0.84	.403	[−0.01, 0.01]
Number of years since last cigarette smoked	0.04	0.04	0.90	.367	[−0.04, 0.11]

Note: N = 511. Perceived smoking-related lung cancer stigma was entered as the dependent variable. b = unstandardized regression coefficient estimate. z = z-score test statistic.

SE = standard error. CI = confidence interval. Bolded statistics indicate regression coefficients significant at p < .05.