Table 2.

LGBT-Affirmative Care Outcomes Over Time in In-Person (n = 58) and Online (n = 55) Training Modalities Groups

Outcomes	Within-Group Comparisonsa											Condition × Time Between-Group Comparisonb
	Baseline		5 Months			10 Months			15 Months			Est.	[95% CI]	d
	M	SE	M	SE	d	M	SE	d	M	SE	d
Explicit LGBTQ bias												−0.01	[−0.21, 0.20]	0.01
In-person training (in-person)	2.43	0.08	2.12 **	0.08	0.40	2.14 **	0.10	0.49	2.22 **	0.10	0.35
Mobile training (online)	2.60	0.08	2.48	0.10	0.19	2.38 *	0.11	0.36	2.39 *	0.12	0.31
Implicit LGBTQ bias												−0.11	[−0.32, 0.10]	0.15
In-person training (in-person)	0.29	0.06	0.15 †	0.07	0.32	0.26	0.07	0.07	0.18 *	0.07	0.25
Mobile training (online)	0.41	0.06	0.22 †	0.08	0.40	0.29	0.08	0.28	0.12 **	0.07	0.64
LGBTQ-affirmative practice clinical skills												0.16	[−0.14, 0.46]	0.13
In-person training (in-person)	2.59	0.11	3.36 ***	0.10	0.97	3.45 ***	0.11	1.09	3.60 ***	0.14	1.12
Mobile training (online)	2.42	0.11	3.13 ***	0.10	0.97	3.28 ***	0.13	1.11	3.53 ***	0.12	1.45
LGBTQ-affirmative practice beliefs												−0.02	[−0.21, 0.17]	0.03
In-person training (in-person)	4.27	0.07	4.45 *	0.07	0.36	4.59 ***	0.07	0.64	4.47 *	0.08	0.38
Mobile training (online)	4.27	0.07	4.42 *	0.07	0.31	4.53 **	0.08	0.54	4.43 *	0.08	0.31
LGBTQ-affirmative practice behaviors												0.21	[−0.54, 0.96]	0.07
In-person training (in-person)	2.81	0.23	3.68 ***	0.29	0.45	3.66 *	0.34	0.43	3.86 ***	0.31	0.54
Mobile training (online)	2.62	0.23	3.21 *	0.31	0.32	3.40 *	0.35	0.42	3.72 ***	0.32	0.59
LGBTQ-affirmative practice intentions												0.17	[−0.19, 0.52]	0.12
In-person training (in-person)	4.00	0.11	4.04	0.11	0.05	3.93	0.15	−0.08	3.87	0.15	−0.14
Mobile training (online)	3.73	0.10	3.67	0.12	−0.08	3.82	0.12	0.13	3.78	0.11	0.07
Number of LGBTQ clientsc												−0.35	[−1.13, 0.44]	0.17
In-person training (in-person)	1.47	0.63	1.35	0.63	−0.02	2.30	1.51	0.10	2.19	1.15	0.10
Mobile training (online)	0.75	0.22	0.32 **	0.10	−0.34	0.40	0.11	−0.27	0.81	0.22	0.04

Note. Effect sizes for within-group comparisons calculated by dividing the baseline minus follow-up mean difference by pooled standard deviation at each follow-up time point. Effect sizes for Condition × Time between-group comparisons calculated by 2t/√df.

^aDifferences between baseline and each follow-up time within-group were assessed using linear mixed model regressions for repeated measures adjusted for age, gender (female vs. male, transgender male, or gender nonbinary), sexual orientation (heterosexual vs. gay, lesbian, bisexual, queer, or other), and student status (yes vs no).

^bLinear mixed effects model assessed treatment effect of online versus in-person by Condition × Time comparison from baseline to 15-month follow-up controlling for sexual orientation (heterosexual vs. gay, lesbian, bisexual, queer, or other).

^cCount outcome used generalized linear mixed model with a log link and Poisson distribution.

^†p < .10.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.