Table 4.

Comparing naming performance between healthy bilinguals and bilingual persons with aphasia in the Boston Naming Test.

	Beta	SE	z-value	Pr (>|z|)
Intercept (BPWA; English; Cognate)	−.626	.736	−.851	.394
Group (HB)	2.558	1.051	2.433	.015 *
Language (Spanish)	−.420	.759	−.554	.579
Cognate Status (Noncognate)	−.699	−.333	−2.098	.035 *
Group (HB) × Language (Spanish)	.381	1.121	.340	.734
Group (HB) × Cognate Status (Noncognate)	−.745	.142	−5.241	< .001 ***
Language (Spanish) × Cognate Status (Noncognate)	−.168	.206	−.820	.412

Parameter estimates, standard errors, z-values, and p-values of fixed-effect terms in the statistical model comparing naming performance between healthy bilinguals and bilingual persons with aphasia. All statistically significant results are marked in bold. p-values were estimated using the ‘lmerTest’ package in R (Kuznetsova et al., 2017).

^*p < .05

^**p < .01

^***p < .001.

BPWA = bilingual persons with aphasia; HB = healthy bilinguals; SE = standard error.