Figure 5.

Dysregulated CSF and serum proteins as potential biomarkers for AD staging

(A) Two clusters of CSF proteins identified with the Mfuzz analysis showed the same regulatory trend with disease progression.

(B) Heatmap of the expression levels of the core dysregulated CSF proteins (ANOVA p < 0.05 in cluster 7, ANOVA p < 0.01 in cluster 8) in different stages of AD.

(C) Expression level change (Z scored original value) of 4 recognized AD biomarkers with significant changes in the different stages of AD.

(D) Two clusters of serum proteins identified with the Mfuzz analysis showed the same regulatory trend with disease progression.

(E) Heatmap of the expression levels of the core dysregulated serum proteins (ANOVA p < 0.05) in different stages of AD.