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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023 Jun 14;21(11):719–733. doi: 10.1038/s41579-023-00904-3

Fig. 4. Targeted approaches for treatment of liver disease.

Fig. 4.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) involves transplantation of the entire gut microbial community. More targeted treatment approaches include use of bacteriophages (phages) to target specific bacterial strains that produce toxic metabolites, genetically engineered bacteria to produce beneficial metabolites, and supplementation of beneficial microbially produced metabolites or postbiotics.