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. 2023 Nov 29;625(7995):540–547. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06770-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a–d, PCA plots on the admixture-masked BSP dataset show BSP coloured by linguistic groups in PC1 versus PC2 (a) and PC1 versus PC3 (c), and by geography represented by countries in PC1 versus PC2 (b) and PC1 versus PC3 (d). Procrustes rotation was used for c and d and the estimated scaling factor was 0.649 (P < 0.001). Further details and legends are included in Supplementary Fig. 34. Vector basemap and map tiles were provided by CartoDB under a Creative Commons licence CC BY 4.0 (2023).