Table 3.
Physiological and therapeutic actions of grape polyphenols on female reproductive processes.
| Bioactive compound(s)/ extract | Experimental model(s) | Effect(s) | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Procyanidin B2 | a type 1 diabetes mouse oocytes | reducing oxidative stress; promoting mitochondrial function; improving oocyte quality, maturation, and embryo development | [74] |
| porcine granulosa cells | reducing oxidative stress; inhibiting of H2O2-induced apoptosis | [59] | |
| ICR mice granulosa cells | improving cell viability; inducing apoptosis; reducing oxidative stress | [70] | |
| Procyanidin | human ovarian cancer cells A2780 and A2780/T |
enhancing cytotoxicity; suppressing inflammation | [13] |
| Proanthocyanidins | human cervical cancer cells HeLa and SiHa | inhibiting cell growth; inducing apoptosis | [68] |
| Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) | hyline brown hen ovaries | reducing oxidative stress; preventing ovarian aging | [71] |
| Lipophilic grape seed proanthocyanidin (LGSP) | human cervical cancer cells HeLa; HeLa-derived xenograft zebrafish model | increasing ROS production; inhibiting cell growth; inducing apoptosis | [8] |
| Myricetin | bovine granulosa cells (GC) and theca cells (TC) | direct effect on steroidogenesis; reducing of inhibitory effects of mycotoxins | [75] |
| Delphinidin | ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 | inhibiting of cell proliferation | [12] |
| Resveratrol | human endometriotic implants in nude mice | inhibiting of endometriosis lesions | [95] |
| Sprague-Dawely rat ovaries | protecting and restoring ovarian functions after radiotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure (POF); suppressing of inflammation | [69] | |
| immortalized human endometrial stromal cell (t-HESC) | enhancing decidualization; decreasing cell proliferation | [73] |