Table 2.
Characteristics and other treatments of 114 pregnant patients with low serum estradiol in early pregnancy by treatment.
| Treatment | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| No Estradiol or DHEA 2009–2011 | Estradiol 2013–2015 | DHEA 2015–2017 | |
| Medication dose [mg; mean (range)] | — | 4.0 [2.0–6.0] | 24.2 [10.0–50.0] |
| Total patients | 22 | 52 | 40 |
| Mean age | 37.3 | 36.1 | 37.2 |
| Previous live birth (%) | 50.0 | 50.0 | 55.0 |
| Conceived always miscarried (%) | 40.9 | 28.8 | 37.5 |
| Mean number of previous miscarriage | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.4 |
| Never previously conceived (%) | 13.6 | 21.2 | 10.0 |
| Other treatments during current pregnancy (%)a | |||
| Vitamin B6 | 9.5 | 7.7 | 10.0 |
| Vitamin B12 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 5.0 |
| Selenium | — | 11.5 | 27.5 |
| Aspirinb | 19.0 | 28.8 | 37.5 |
| Enoxaparin | 4.8 | 7.7 | 5.0 |
| Progesterone | 85.7 | 92.3 | 90.0 |
| Levothyroxinec | 14.3 | 19.2 | 40.0 |
| Hydrocortisone | 4.8 | 1.9 | - |
| Metformin | 9.5 | 9.6 | 5.0 |
| Low-dose Naltrexoned | 38.1 | 40.4 | 75.0 |
| Prednisolonee | 4.8 | 46.2 | 60.0 |
| Pregnenolonef | — | — | 20.0 |
DHEA = dehydroepiandrosterone.
a
Folic acid, Omega-3 fish oil and vitamin D3 were routinely prescribed to all patients.
b
Aspirin 75 mg given for abnormal thrombophilia screen.
c
Levothyroxine for borderline thyroid dysfunction to keep TSH levels between 1–2 iu/L.
d
Low dose Naltrexone 3–4.5 mg nightly for persistent fatigue, low mood, anxiety, PMS and dysmenorrhea.
e
Prednisolone 5 mg once per morning for PCOS, hyperandrogenemia or low DHEA.
f
Started after first 6 weeks of DHEA supplementation.