TABLE 7.
Clinical application of mirabilite.
| Disease | Mirabilite state or combination therapy | Experimental subject | Research design | Grouping and number of people | Treatment, method | Course of treatment | Result | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment group | Control group | Treatment group | Control group | |||||||
| Vein Inflammation | Mirabilite saturated solution | 132 patients (60 males, 72 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 75 cases (37 males, 38 females) | 57 cases (23 males, 34 females) | Mirabilite solution, external wet compress | Routine operation | — | The efficacy of the experimental group was significantly better than the control group | Tong et al. (2007) |
| 10% Mirabilite solution | 50 patients (12 males and 38 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 29 cases | 21 cases | Mirabilite ice bag (3–5 times a day, 20–30 min each time), external application | Ordinary ice compress (3–5 times a day, 20–30 min each time), external application | 4 d | The curative effect of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the observation group | Huang and Zhang (2008) | |
| Mirabilite solution + Borneolum syntheticum | 68 patients | Randomized controlled trial | 34 cases | 34 cases | Mirabilite, Borneolum syntheticum solution, external application | 50% Magnesium sulfate solution, applying hot soaks | — | The efficacy of the experimental group was significantly better than the control group | (Shi., 2008) | |
| Pancreatitis | Mirabilite + Qingyi decoction | 36 patients (22 males and 14 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 18 cases | 18 cases | Conventional treatment + mirabilite (6–8 h replacement once), external application + Qingyi decoction (three times a day), oral or gastric tube injection | Conventional therapy | 7 days | The effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the hospitalization time was significantly shorter than that of the control group | Wu et al. (2007) |
| Mirabilite | 234patients | Randomized controlled trial | 117 cases | 117 cases | Mirabilite (replaced every 4 h), external application | — | 24 h | The incidence of PEP in mirabilite group was significantly lower than that in blank group (7.7% vs. 26.5%) | Zeng et al. (2023) | |
| Mirabilite + Qingyi decoction | 65 patients (43 males and 22 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 33 cases (21 males, 12 females) | 33 cases (21males,12females) | Routine intensive care + mirabilite, external application + Qingyi Decoction (once every 8 h), gastric tube injection | Routine intensive care | 5-6 days | The remission time of abdominal pain, abdominal distension and other symptoms, hospitalization time and blood amylase recovery time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, with fewer complications and lower rate of conversion to surgery | Liu et al. (2006) | |
| Mirabilite + Qingyi decoction | 47 cases (29 males, 18 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 24 cases | 23 cases | Routine treatment + mirabilite (three times a day), external application + Qingyi decoction (one dose a day), gastric tube into | Conventional therapy | — | The intestinal recovery time, abdominal pain relief time, white blood cells, complications, mortality and average hospitalization days in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group | Ma (2012) | |
| Mirabilite + raw Rheum palmatum soaking solution | 78 cases (41 males, 37 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 39 cases (20 males, 19 females) | 39 cases (21 males and 18 females). | Mirabilite (once a day), external application + raw Rheum palmatum soaking solution (twice a day), gastric tube injection or enema | Routine symptomatic treatment | 7–10 days | The disappearance time of abdominal distension and abdominal pain and the recovery time of bowel sounds in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group | Yu et al. (2019) | |
| Mirabilite + raw Rheum palmatum solution | 40 cases (29 males, 11 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 20 cases (15 males, 5 females) | 20 cases (14 males, 6 females) | Conventional treatment + mirabilite (1–2 h replacement), external application + raw Rheum palmatum solution (2 times a day), gastric tube injection | Conventional therapy | 7–10 days | The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the incidence of complications was lower than that of the control group | Hu et al. (2022) | |
| Mirabilite + Dachengqi decoction | 89 cases (68 males, 21 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 45 cases (34 males, 11females) | 44 cases (34 males, 10 females) | Conventional treatment + mirabilite (2–3 times a day, 1–2 h each time), external application + Dachengqi decoction (6 times a day), gastric tube injection or enema | Conventional therapy | — | The remission time of abdominal pain and distension, recovery time of gastrointestinal function, hospitalization time, hospitalization expenses and complication rate in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group | Li et al. (2013) | |
| Arthritis | Mirabilite | 3 cases (2 males and 1 female). | Random experiment | 3 cases (2 males and 1 female). | — | Mirabilite (4 times a day), hot compress | — | 7-10 days | The joint symptoms of gout were improved | Li and Duan (2010) |
| Mirabilite | 80 cases (38 males, 42 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 40 cases | 40 cases | Mirabilite ice pack | Water ice pack | 3 days | The length of postoperative hospital stays and CRP at 72 h after operation in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group | Zhong et al. (2021) | |
| Appendiceal abscess | Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum + vinegar | 52 patients (30 males and 22 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 39 cases (21 males and 18 females). | 13 cases (9 males and 4 females). | Rheum palmatum, mirabilite grinded with vinegar into a paste, external application | Common antibacterial drugs | 10 days | The peripheral white blood cell level in the treatment group decreased faster than that in the control group, and the effective rate was higher than that in the control group | Zhang (2001) |
| Mirabilite | 118 patients (63 males and 55 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 58 cases (33 males and 25 females) | 60 cases (30 males, 30 females) | Conventional antibiotic treatment + mirabilite external application (once a day, once 12 h) | Conventional antibiotic therapy | 10 days | The total effective rate of appendiceal abscess in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group. The reduction rate of appendiceal abscess mass was higher than that in the control group. The average hospitalization time was shorter than that in the control group. C-reactive protein and white blood cell count were better than those in the swelling control group | Liu, J. (2018) | |
| Mirabilite | 80 patients (33 males and 47 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 45 cases | 35 cases | Antibiotics + mirabilite external application (2–3 times a day, once 2 h) | Antibiotics treatment | — | The effective rate of the treatment group was 100%, and the hospitalization days and hospitalization expenses were significantly lower than those of the control group | Jin and Gao (2015) | |
| Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum + white vinegar | 60 patients (17 males and 43 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 30 cases (9 males, 21 females) | 30 cases (8males, 22females). | Conventional treatment + Rheum palmatum, mirabilite, white vinegar into a paste, external application | Conventional therapy | — | The effective rate of the treatment group was 100%, and the hospitalization time was shorter than that of the control group | Ma et al. (2012) | |
| Mirabilite | 238 patients | Randomized controlled trial | 184 cases (101 males and 73 females). | 54 cases | Antibiotics + mirabilite external application | Anti-biotic | 3-5 days | The course of disease in the treatment group was shorter, and the clinical symptoms and signs were improved or even disappeared quickly | Hu and Zhan (1997) | |
| Mirabilite + Dahuang Mudan decoction | 90 patients (47 males and 43 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 45 cases (23 males and 22 females). | 45 cases (24 males and 21 females). | Conventional symptomatic treatment + antibiotics + mirabilite, external application + Dahuang Mudan decoction (one dose per day), oral administration | Routine symptomatic treatment + antibiotics | — | The total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The average hospitalization time of the treatment group was significantly shorter than that of the control group | Yang (2010) | |
| Edema | Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum | 90 patients | Random experiment | 30 cases②30 cases③30 cases | — | ① Rheum palmate: mirabilite = 1 : 1, hoop②1 : 2, hoop③1: 3, hoop (once a day, once an hour | — | 5 d | Anal edema in the treatment group were alleviated | Zhang (2019) |
| Mirabilite + traditional chinese medicine | 36 female patients | Random experiment | 36 female patients | — | Mirabilite (1 h each time), external application + Chinese medicine, oral administration + functional exercise (1 time 30 min, 2 times a day) | — | 3 months | 26 Cases were markedly effective, 10 cases were effective, the effective rate was 100% | Chen and Xu (2008) | |
| Mirabilite + Borneolum syntheticum | 86 patients | Randomized controlled trial | 43 cases | 43 cases | Mirabilite:Borneolum syntheticum (100:1), external application | 25% Magnesium sulfate, wet dressing + conventional treatment | 14 d | The difference of the treatment group was (3.1 ± 0.62) cm on the 5th day, (4.5 ± 0.41) cm on the 7th day, and (5.0 ± 0.76) cm on the 14th day, which was significantly better than that of the control group | Zhen (2016) | |
| Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum + cisplatin | 84 patients | Randomized controlled trial | 42 cases | 42 cases | Mirabilite, rheum palmatum, external application + cisplatin, oral | Cisplatin, oral | 28 h | The total effective rate of the treatment group (66.67) was higher than that of the control group (54.76%) | Zhang et al. (2021) | |
| Healing of diabetic foot ulcer | Mirabilite | 80 cases | Randomized controlled trial | 40 cases | 40 cases | Mirabilite (twice a day), external application | Initial therapy | 14 d | Treatment group had higher effective rate than control group, with lower average hospitalization days and treatment cost compared to control group | Liu et al. (2011) |
| Postoperative wound healing | Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum | 100 female patients | Randomized controlled trial | 68 cases | 32 cases | Mirabilite, Rheum palmatum, external application | Conventional treatment | 3 days | Treatment group: 30 cases (44%) cured in 1 course, 26 cases (38%) cured in 2 courses, and 12 cases (18%) cured in 3 courses | Wang (2009) |
| Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum | 100 cases of maternal | Randomized controlled trial | 50 cases | 50 cases | Mirabilite, Rheum palmatum, external application | Conventional treatment | — | The nursing satisfaction of the treatment group was 96.00%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (78.00%) | Nie et al. (2022) | |
| Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum | 80 cases of maternal | Randomized controlled trial | 40 cases | 40 cases | Mirabilite, Rheum palmatum (1–2 times a day), external application | Conventional treatment | — | The total effective rate of the treatment group was 95.0%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the time of exudate stopping was earlier than that of the control group | Xu et al. (2020) | |
| Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum | 500 cases of maternal | Randomized controlled trial | 250 cases | 250 cases | Mirabilite、 Rheum palmatum (8 h per day), external application | Conventional treatment | 3 d | Treatment group had 222 cases of grade A healing (88.8% rate), significantly surpassing the control group | Xu and Guan (2020) | |
| Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum | 90 cases of maternal | Randomized controlled trial | 45 cases | 45 cases | Mirabilite, Rheum palmatum, external application | Routine dressing change | 7 days | The grade A healing rate of the observation group was 86.7%, and the grade A healing rate of the control group was 55.6% | He (2019) | |
| Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum | 50 cases of maternal | Randomized controlled trial | 25 cases | 25 cases | Mirabilite、Rheum palmatum (quaque die), external application | Routine dressing change | — | Avg healing time and post-op complications in observation group significantly shorter (lower) than control group | Li, J. (2019) | |
| Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum | 200 cases of maternal | Randomized controlled trial | 100 cases | 100 cases | Mirabilite、Rheum palmatum (quaque die), external application | Routine dressing change + anti-biotic | 7 days | After 1-week, surgical incision healing in the treatment group was much better than in the control group | Zeng (2019) | |
| 20% Mirabilite solution | 60 patients (47 males and 13 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 30 cases (23 males and 7 females). | 30 cases (24 males, 6 females) | 20% Mirabilite yarn (quaque die), built-in drainage | 10% Hypertonic saline gauze (once a day), built-in drainage | 21 d | The degree of wound edema, pain and healing time in the treatment group were better than those in the control group | Zhao (2011) | |
| Mirabilite | 48 cases (23 males, 25 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 24 cases (11 males and 13 females) | 24 cases (12 males and 12females) | Mirabilite (2 times a day, 1 h), external application | Routine dressing change | 7 days | Treatment group had higher wound healing rate, fewer dressing changes, and shorter healing and hospitalization time than control group | Zhao et al. (2021) | |
| Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum | 60 female patients | Randomized controlled trial | 30 cases | 30 cases | Ice compress for 1 day + Rheum palmatum、mirabilite (10–15 min each time, 4–6 times a day), external application | Intermittent ice compress for 1 day | 7 days | In the treatment group of 60 eyes, 57 eyes were grade A healing and 3 eyes were grade B healing. All better than the control group | Li (2019) | |
| Mirabilite saturated solution | 23 cases (13 males and 10 females). | Random experiment | 23 cases (13 males and 10 females). | — | Mirabilite, applying hot soaks | — | 1-4 days | Hematoma disappeared in 5 cases at 1 day, 9 cases at 2 days, 7 cases at 3 days, and 2 cases at 4 days | Ye and Lu (2013) | |
| 10% Mirabilite solution | 170 patients (89 males and 81 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 85 cases (44 males, 41females) | 85 cases (45 males and 40 females) | Mirabilite ice bag, external application + normal saline 500mL + β-aescin sodium 25mg, intravenous drip (once a day) | Ice pack with water, external application + normal saline 500mL + β-aescin sodium 25mg, intravenous drip (once a day) | 3 days | In the test group, pain reduction was noticeable within 72 h after cold compress, and swelling reduction was noticeable after 24 h | Bo et al. (2006) | |
| Mirabilite | 6 patients (2 males and 4 females). | Random experiment | 6 patients (2 males and 4 females). | — | Mirabilite (once a day).external application | — | 4-14 d | All cured | Zhang et al. (1990) | |
| Mirabilite + traditional Chinese medicine | 80 patients (49 males and 31 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 40 cases | 40 cases | Conventional therapy + mirabilite、traditional Chinese medicine, external application | Conventional therapy | 7 days | The effective rate of treatment group was 92.5%, which was significantly higher than that of control group (75%) | Guan (2009) | |
| 25% Mirabilite solution | 40 females | Randomized controlled trial | 20 cases | 20 cases | Mirabilite ice bag, external application | Conservative treatment + water ice bag, external application | 2 days | The pain degree, swelling degree and comfort degree of the treatment group at 1h, 24h and 48 h were better than those of the control group | Li (2014) | |
| Functional disturbance of gastrointestinal tract | Mirabilite + raw Rheum palmatum solution | 72 patients (33 males and 39 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 37 cases (17 males and 20 females). | 35 cases (16 males, 19 females) | Cardiology routine treatment + mirabilite, external application + raw Rheum palmatum powder solution (3 times a day), oral + raw Rheum palmatum powder solution (1 time a day), enema | Cardiology routine treatment + lactulose (3 times a day), oral + soapy water (1 times a day), enema | 5–7 days | The recovery time of bowel sounds in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group | Wu et al. (2004) |
| Mirabilite + raw Rheum palmatum solution | 70 patients (39 males and 31 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 35 cases (20 males and 15 females). | 35 cases (19 males, 16 females) | Conventional therapy + mirabilite, external application + raw Rheum palmatum powder solution (once a day), enema | Conventional therapy | 7 days | The treatment group had an 88.6% effective rate, significantly higher than the control group. Defecation and exhaust times were significantly lower than the control group | Xu et al. (2016) | |
| Mirabilite paste | 200 patients (110 males and 90 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 100 cases (58 males, 42 females) | 100 cases (52males, 48females) | Conventional therapy + mirabilite paste once a day). External application | Conventional therapy | 3 days | The treatment group had shorter anal exhaust and defecation time compared to the control group. Also, the number of cases of abdominal distension 3 days after the operation was significantly lower in the treatment group | Qin and Pan (2009) | |
| Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum | 42 patients (29 males and 13 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 21 cases (14 males and 7 females). | 21 cases (15 males and 6 females). | Symptomatic treatment + mirabilite, Rheum palmatum, external application | Symptomatic treatment | — | In the experimental group, 16 cases (86%) recovered bowel sounds and anal exhaust within 12 h, and the remaining 5 cases recovered within 24 h | Zhou (2011) | |
| Mirabilite + chewing gum | 114 patients (66 males and 48 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 57 cases (34 males, 23 females) | 57 cases (32 males, 25females) | Mirabilite, external application + gum (three times a day, one piece at a time, 15–20 min), chewing + conventional treatment | Conventional therapy | — | The treatment group had shorter recovery time for postoperative bowel sounds, first anal active exhaust time, and first defecation time compared to the control group | Wu and Li (2016) | |
| Mirabilite | 70 patients (39 males and 31 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 35 cases (19 males, 16 females) | 35 cases (20males, 15 females) | Symptomatic treatment + mirabilite (once a day, once 6 h), external application | Symptomatic treatment | 3 days | The total effective rate of the treatment group was 88.6%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group | Lai et al. (2016) | |
| Mirabilite | 56 patients (36 males and 20 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 28 cases (19 males and 9 females). | 28 cases (17 males and 11 females). | Conventional treatment + mirabilite (continuous 24h, daily change), external application | Conventional therapy | 7 days | The gastrointestinal function of the treatment group was better than that of the control group | Lin and Xu (2018) | |
| Mirabilite | 60 patients (36 males and 24 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 30 cases (20 males, 10 females) | 30 cases (16males, 14females) | Routine treatment + mirabilite (1–2 times a day), external application + acupoints (3 times a day, 15 min a time), massage | Conventional therapy | 7 days | The improvement of gastrointestinal function score in the treatment group was better than that in the control group | Wang and Jiang (2014) | |
| Mirabilite | 90 patients (42 males and 48 females). | Randomized controlled trial | 45 cases (21 males, 24 females) | 45 cases (21 males, 24 females) | Perioperative treatment + mirabilite (once a day). External application | Perioperative treatment | 5 days | The recovery time of bowel sounds and anal exhaust time in the treatment group were significantly shorter than those in the control group | Lv (2017) | |
| Mirabilite + lactulose | 167 cases | Randomized controlled trial | 74 cases | 3 cases | Mirabilite + lactulose | Lactulose | 3 days | The recovery rate of bowel sounds in the experimental group (62.16%) was better than that in the control group (37.63%) | Pan et al. (2021) | |
| Constipation | Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum | 100 cases (65 males and 35 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 50 cases (32 males, 18 females) | 50 cases (33 males, 17 females) | Mirabilite、Rheum palmatum (1 times a day), external application + acupoint, massage | Conventional therapy | 3 days | The scores of constipation symptoms in both groups decreased after treatment, and the decrease in the treatment group was better than that in the control group | Tao (2022) |
| Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum | 50 cases | Randomized controlled trial | 25 cases | 25 cases | Mirabilite、Rheum palmatum (Once a night), apply the navel. | Polyethylene glycol | 2 days | The first defecation time of the treatment group was significantly shorter than that of the control group | Wang (2021) | |
| Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum | 70 cases | Randomized controlled trial | 35 cases (20 males, 15 females) | 35 cases (19 males, 16 females) | Mirabilite、Rheum palmatum | Conventional therapy | 7 days | The scores of Bristol stool character classification and stool frequency in the treatment group were better than those in the control group | Yu (2014) | |
| Mirabilite + thunder fire wonder moxibustion | 71 cases (39 males, 32 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 35 cases (20 males, 15 females) | 36 cases (19 males, 17 females) | Mirabilite + Chinese medicine (once a day, once 6 h), umbilical + thunder fire needle (once a day, once 20min) | Conventional therapy | 7 days | The effective rate of the treatment group (91.67%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (71.43%), and the defecation time was significantly shorter than that of the control group | Li and Liao (2021) | |
| Mirabilite solution | 60 patients (30 males and 30 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 30 patients (15 males and 15 females) | 30 patients (15 males and 15 females). | Mirabilite (Once a day), enema | Kaisailu, enema | 14 days | The efficacy and comfort of enema in the treatment group were better than those in the control group | Liu, Y. (2018) | |
| Mirabilite Rheum palmatum solution | 78 patients (42 males and 36 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 39 cases | 39 cases | Mirabilite Rheum palmatum solution, enema | Mirabilite rhubarb, oral medication | — | The effective rate was 100.0% in the treatment group and 94.9% in the control group | (Song, 2016) | |
| Ileus | Mirabilite | 36 patients (29 males and 7 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 22 cases | 14 cases | Conventional therapy + mirabilite, external application | Conventional therapy | 12 h | The experimental group had shorter abdominal pain relief and anal exhaust time compared to the control group. Surgery conversion rate decreased. Postoperative infection incidence and hospitalization days were significantly lower in the experimental group | Xie et al. (2007) |
| Mirabilite | 57 patients (37 males and 20 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 20 cases | ①19 cases②18 cases | Conventional therapy +500g mirabilite, external application | Conventional therapy + 50 g mirabilite, 450 gSalt, external application ② conventional treatment +500g salt, external application | 72 h | The effective rate of the experimental group was 90%, the effective rate of the control group I was 21.05%, and the effective rate of the control group II was 16.67% | Zhang et al. (2007) | |
| Mirabilite + Chinese medicine | 60 patients (31 males and 29 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 31 cases (17 males and 14 females) | 29 cases (14 males, 15 females) | Routine treatment + mirabilite, umbilical application + Chinese medicine | Conventional therapy | — | The first defecation time, abdominal pain relief time, first anal exhaust time and hospitalization time in the treatment group were significantly shorter than those in the control group | Jing and Gu (2015) | |
| Abdominal distension | Mirabilite + raw Rheum palmatum | 60 patients (38 males and 22 females) | Rrandomized controlled trial | 30 cases (18 males and 12 females) | 30 cases (20 males, 10 females) | Routine treatment + mirabilite (Once a day), external application + raw Rheum palmatum (3 times a day), jejunum perfusion | Conventional therapy | 14 days | The treatment group had better abdominal distension score and intra-abdominal pressure improvement. Recovery time for exhaust and bowel sounds was shorter in the treatment group compared to the control group | Tian et al. (2015) |
| Mirabilite | 50 patients (83 males and 67 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 50 cases (27 males, 23 females) ②50 cases (28 males, 22 females) | 50 cases (28 males, 22 females) | Mirabilite, external application + routine nursing ② Mirabilite, external application + comprehensive nursing intervention | External application | — | Postoperative abdominal distension duration, incision drainage, anal exhaust time, ambulation time, HAMA score, HAMD score and NRS score in the treatment group were better than those in the control group | (Zhang., 2013) | |
| Mirabilite | 120 patients (93 males and 27 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 60 cases (48 males and 12 females) | 60 cases (45 males and 15 females) | Conventional therapy + mirabilite, external application | Conventional therapy | 7 days | The treatment group had better abdominal distension relief and a higher effective rate (90%) compared to the control group (77%) | Hou and Yan (2016) | |
| Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum powder | 62 patients (40 males and 22 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 30 cases (18 males and 12 females) | 32 cases (22 males and 10 females) | Conventional gastrointestinal decompression + Rheum palmatum powder + mirabilite (2 times a day), nasal feeding | Conventional gastrointestinal decompression + domperidone (2 times a day), nasal feeding | 3 days | The anal exhaust and defecation of the patients in the treatment group were significantly advanced | Cao and Wang (2004) | |
| Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum | 32 patients (18 males and 14 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 16 cases | 16 cases | Conventional therapy + mirabilite、Rheum palmatum, external application | Conventional therapy | 4 days | In the treatment group, abdominal pressure and inflammation indexes decreased significantly, and recovery time of intestinal function, mechanical ventilation time, and ICU time shortened significantly | Wang (2009) | |
| Mirabilite + Rheum palmatum solution | 67 patients (42 males and 25 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 34 cases | 33 cases | Conventional therapy + mirabilite, external application + Rheum palmatum solution (once a day), enema | Conventional therapy | 3 days | Compared with the control group, the intra-abdominal pressure of the treatment group decreased significantly at 24h, 48h and 72 h | (Xu., 2010) | |
| Mirabilite + Liqi Tongbian decoction | 62 patients (35 males and 27 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 32 cases (19 males and 13 females) | 30 cases (16 males and 14 females) | Conventional therapy + mirabilite (2–3 times a day), external application + Liqi Tongbian agreement prescription (1 dose a day), gastric tube injection | Conventional therapy | 14 days | The intra-abdominal pressure in the treatment group decreased after treatment, and the total effective rate was significantly higher than that in the control group | Sun et al. (2010) | |
| Infusion extravasation | Mirabilite | 240 patients (123 males and 117 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 120 cases (65 males and 55 females) | 120 cases (58 males and 62 females) | Mirabilite, external application | 50% Magnesium sulfate. External application | 24 h | The cure rate was 81.82% in the treatment group and 45.46% in the control group | Xu and Wei (2008) |
| Mirabilite + Taraxacum mongolicum solution | 60 patients (37 males and 23 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 30 cases | 30 cases | Mirabilite、Taraxacum mongolicum solution (3–4 times a day, 1 time 30 min), gauze pad dipped in external application. | 50% Magnesium sulfate, hot and humid compress | — | In the control group, 8 cases (26.7%) were markedly effective, 10 cases (33.3%) were effective, and 12 cases (40%) were ineffective. In the treatment group, 14 cases (40%) were markedly effective, 12 cases (46.7%) were effective, and 4 cases (13.3%) were ineffective | Sun et al. (2009) | |
| Hemorrhoid | Mirabilite + Chinese drugs solution | 1002patients (602 males and 400 females) | Random experiment | 1002 patients (602 males and 400 females) | — | Mirabilite + Traditional Chinese medicine (boiling), fumigation, hot compress, sitz bath (15–20 min each time, 2 times a day) | — | — | 890 cases were cured, 106 cases were effective, 6 cases were ineffective, and the total effective rate was 99.40% | Su et al. (2015) |
| Mirabilite solution | 80 patients (60 males and 20 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 40 patients (30 males and 10 females) | 40 patients (30 males and 10 females) | Mirabilite (2 times a day, 1 time a day 10min–30min), external application | 50% Magnesium sulfate solution (twice a day, once a day) 10min–30min), external application | 5 days | The treatment group was superior to the control group in clinical efficacy, edema regression time and wound healing | (Wei., 2007) | |
| Acne | Mirabilite + Yeju Qushi Decoction | 72 patients (27 males and 45 females) | Random experiment | 72 patients | — | Mirabilite, external washing + Yeju Qushi Decoction (One dose a day), oral | Conventional therapy | 10 days | 39 cases were cured, 20 cases were markedly effective, 10 cases were effective, 3 cases were ineffective, the total effective rate was 95.8% | (Bai., 2012) |
| Milk accumulates, milk distention, mastitis | Mirabilite | 60 cases of maternal | Randomized controlled trial | 30 cases | 30 cases | Fermented dough applied to the right breast + mirabilite applied to the left breast | Traditional treatment of the right breast + fermented dough applied to the left breast | 24 h | The effective rate of the Pixiao external application group was 93%. The milk output of the Pixiao external application group was (50.7 ± 11.4) mL/time, and the milk output of the fermented surface external application group was (46.5 ± 13.5) mL/time, which was significantly higher than that of the traditional treatment group | Zou and Li (2008) |
| Mirabilite + Gualou Niubang Decoction | 98 females | Random experiment | 98 females | — | Mirabilite (2 times a day, each time 40 min), fomentation + Gualou Niubang decoction (One dose daily), oral medication | — | 7 days | 90 cases were cured, 6 cases were improved, 2 cases were not cured, the total effective rate was 97.9% | Xu and Li (2011) | |
| Mirabilite | 120 cases of maternal | Randomized controlled trial | 60 cases | 60 cases | Mirabilite, external application | Humalactor | 3 days | The effective rate of the treatment group was 96.67%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group 66.67%. | Li et al. (2022) | |
| Mirabilite + traditional Chinese medicine Decoction | 140 cases of maternal | Randomized controlled trial | 70 cases | 70 cases | Mirabilite (quaque die), external application + traditional Chinese medicine decoction (once a day), oral administration | Traditional Chinese medicine decoction (once a day), oral administration | 3-5 days | The total effective rate was 97.3% in the treatment group and 59.8% in the control group. The average days of milk returning were 3 days and 7 days respectively | Dai and Liu (2004) | |
| Mirabilite + manual milk | 22 cases of maternal | Random experiment | 22 cases of maternal | — | Mirabilite, external application + manual milk | — | 3-5 days | All the 22 patients had successful milk regurgitation return | Ye et al. (2013) | |
| Mirabilite + Mianhuai pulvis | 62 cases of maternal | Random experiment | 22 cases of maternal | — | Mirabilite (1times a day), external application + Mianhuai pulvis (2 times a day), oral medication | — | 5 days | After 5 days, 43 cases improved significantly, 19 cases improved, and the overall success rate was 100% | Jiang (2013) | |
| Mirabilite | 36 females | Random experiment | 36females | — | Mirabilite, external application | — | 24 h | There were 30 cases of milk returning within 2 days, accounting for 83.3% | Liu (1993) | |
| Mirabilite + raw Rheum palmatum | 267 cases of natural childbirth primipara | Randomized controlled trial | 134 cases | 133 cases | Kangaroo nursing + raw Rheum palmatum, mirabilite, external application | Kangaroo nursing | 7 days | The time of postpartum milk opening in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group. The treatment in the observation group could effectively prevent the incidence of breast congestion swelling, milk deposition and acute mastitis | Shen (1997) | |
| Bowel preparation before microscopic examination | Mirabilite solution + Heshuang | 92 cases (46 males, 46 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 47 cases (27 males and 20 females) | 45 cases (19 males, 26 females) | Hesuan (1 time every 15 min), oral administration + mirabilite solution, oral medication | Heshuang (1 time every 15 min), oral medication | — | The treatment group had a 100% effective intestinal cleaning rate, higher than the control group. Adverse reactions in the treatment group were only 2.12%, significantly lower than the control group (17.78%) | Yang and Zhang (2019) |
| Mirabilite solution | 44 cases (24 males and 20 females) | Randomized controlled trial | 22cases (11 males, 11females) | 22 cases (13 males, 9 females) | Mirabilite, oral medication | Hesuan, oral medication | — | The treatment group had less fecal water and foam in the intestines compared to the control group | She et al. (2014) | |
| Mirabilite solution | 462 cases | Randomized controlled trial | 109 cases | ①106 cases②136 cases③111 cases | Mirabilite, oral medication | Compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder group ② Mannitol group ③ Magnesium sulfate group, oral medication | — | The rates of intestinal cleaning, adverse reactions, and comfort during medication were not statistically significant in the four groups | Zhu et al. (2013) | |